Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)

• What is the molecular formula of glucose?

  C6H12O6
• What shape are some monosaccharides shaped like?

  Rings
• How can the 3D structure of the glucose molecule be represented?

  • Using a 3D illustration with balls and sticks
  • Showing the arrangement of the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
• What are the key functional groups present in the glucose molecule?

  • Hydroxyl (-OH) groups
  • Carbonyl (C=O) group
• What is the name of the molecule shown on the left side of the image?

  D-Glucose
• Match the atom color with its element:

  Red ↔️ Oxygen

  Grey ↔️ Hydrogen

  Black ↔️ Carbon
• What are the two forms in which monosaccharides exist?

  Linear and cyclic
• What functional groups are present in the glucose molecule?

  Hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O)
• What type of groups are bonded to each carbon atom in glucose?

  Hydroxyl groups
• How many carbon atoms are present in the glucose molecule?

  6
• What do the red and gray spheres represent in the molecular structure?

  • The red spheres likely represent oxygen atoms
  • The gray spheres likely represent carbon atoms
• What type of chemical bonds are likely present in the molecular structure?

  Covalent bonds
• What are monosaccharides the building blocks of?

  Complex carbohydrates
• How does the 3D arrangement of atoms in this molecular structure differ from a 2D representation?

  The 3D arrangement provides more information about the spatial relationships and potential interactions between the atoms
• How can the molecular structure in the image be used to understand chemical properties and reactions?

  • The arrangement and connectivity of the atoms can provide insights into the chemical properties and potential reactions of the compound.
  • The 3D structure can help visualize and understand the spatial relationships between the atoms.
• What is the approximate number of atoms in the molecular structure shown in the image?

  15
• What is a common example of a monosaccharide that provides energy for cells?

  Glucose
• If this molecular structure represents a chemical compound, how could its properties be used in practical applications?

  The properties could be used in the development of new materials, pharmaceuticals, or other products
• Fructose is less sweet than glucose.

  False
• What is the molecular formula of glucose?

  C6H12O6
• What is the name of the specific monosaccharide shown on the right?

  Glucose
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$
• Match the atoms in the cyclic form of fructose with their color:

  Oxygen ↔️ Red

  Carbon ↔️ Grey

  Hydrogen ↔️ White
• What is the name of the class of carbohydrates shown in the image?

  Monosaccharides
• What is the structure of the glucose molecule?

  • 6 carbon atoms
  • 12 hydrogen atoms
  • 6 oxygen atoms
  • Arranged in a ring structure
• How does the molecular structure in the image compare to other common organic compounds?

  • The presence of both carbon and oxygen atoms suggests this is an organic compound.
  • The specific arrangement and connectivity of the atoms may be unique compared to other organic compounds, providing clues about its chemical identity and behavior.
• What is the molecular structure shown in the image?

  The image shows a molecular structure with red and gray spheres connected by lines, representing a chemical compound.
• What is the orientation of the OH group in the α-anomer at C1?

  Down
• What are examples of structural isomers in monosaccharides?

  Glucose, galactose, fructose
• What is fructose similar to in terms of being a type of sugar?

  Glucose
• What is the orientation of the OH group in the β-anomer at C1?

  Up
• How can glucose and galactose be compared using a Lego analogy?

  Building a car or truck
• Structural isomers differ in spatial arrangement around a carbon atom.

  False
• What is an example of a monosaccharide with multiple hydroxyl groups?

  Glucose
• How could you determine the number of hydroxyl (-OH) groups on each monosaccharide?

  • Count the number of -OH groups attached to the carbon atoms in the structure
• What are isomers?

  Molecules with identical formulas
• What is the primary role of the carbonyl group and the polar regions in monosaccharides?

  Water solubility
• What property of monosaccharides makes them sticky to water?

  Polarity
• What property do galactose, glucose, and fructose share in terms of solubility?

  High solubility
• Match the isomer type with its characteristic:

  α-anomer ↔️ OH group down at C1

  β-anomer ↔️ OH group up at C1