week 1

• biology -the study of life
• anatomy - the study of the structure of the body of an organism
• physiology - the study of how the human body works
• nervous system - the body's decision and communication center
• nervous system - it is divided into 2 major division

  1. central nervous system
  2. peripheral nervous system
• the 2 major division in when together they control every part of your daily lives
• central nervous system - it is made of the brain and spinal cord
• central nervous system - the brain is divided into:

  1. forebrain
  2. midbrain
  3. hindbrain
• the brain has 3 main parts

  1. cerebrum
  2. cerebellum
  3. brainstem
• cerebrum - is the largest part of the brain and is compose of right and left hemisphere. perform 5 senses, interpreting or understanding, touch, vision, and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotion, learning, and fine control movement
• forebrain - consist of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
• cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus is part of - part of limbic system
• The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses, especially when it comes to behaviours we need for survival: feeding, reproduction and caring for our young, and fight or flight responses
• The limbic system predominantly ( mostly ) controls appropriate responses to stimuli with social, emotional, or motivational salience
• THE CEREBRUM OR CORTEX IS THE LARGEST

  PART OF THE HUMAN BRAIN. ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER BRAIN FUNCTION SUCH AS THOUGHTS AND ACTIONS.
• cerebrum isdivided into four section:

  1. frontal lobe
  2. temporal love
  3. occipital lobe
  4. pareital lobe
• frontal lobe - reasoning, planning, part of speech, movement, emotion, and problem solving
• temporal lobe - associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
• occipital lobe - associated with visul processing
• parietal lobe - associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
• major external parts of the human brain underside:

  1. frontal lobe
  2. olfactory bulb
  3. temporal lobe
  4. pons
  5. cerebellum
  6. cranial nerves

  A) frontal lobe

  B) olfactory bulb

  C) temporal lobe

  D) pons

  E) cerebellum

  F) cranial nerves

  
• cerebral cortex - highly wrinkled
• the cerebral cortex is wrinkled because this makes the brain more efficient, because it can increase the surface area of the brain and the amount neuron within it
• a deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemisphere
• right hemisphere - is associated with creativity
• left hemisphere - if for logical abilities
• IN THE 1960S, THE NEUROBIOLOGIST ROGER W. SPERRY SUGGESTED THAT

  ALL PEOPLE HAVE ONE-HALF OF

  THEIR BRAIN, WHICH IS MORE DOMINANT AND DETERMINES THEIR PERSONALITY, THOUGHTS, AND

  BEHAVIOR.
• left brain - analytical, logical, detail and factor oriented, numerical, likely to think in word ( english )
• right brain - creative, free thinking, able to see the big picture, inituitive, likely to visualize more than think in words ( arts )
• limbic system - often referred to as the emotional brain
• limbic system - found buried within the cerebrum
• limbic system - consist of the thalamus and hypothalamus
• thalamus - is a large mass of the gray matter deeply situated in the forebrain
• thalamus - almost all sensory information enters this structure. last site before the information reaches cerebral cortex
• thalamus - the structure has sensory and motor function
• hypothalamus - this structure is involved in function including homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms, and control of automatic nervous system
• midbrain - consist of the tectum and tegmentum
• midbrain

  A) tectum

  B) tegmentum

  
• midbrain / mesencephalon - it involves functions such as vision, earning, eye movement, and body movement ( voluntary motor movement )
• hindbrain - consist of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla ( brain stem )