AO1

• Earlier, it was suggested that fathers are much less likely to form an attachment. Schaffer and Emerson found that in only 3% of cases the father was the first sole subject of attachment. In 27% of cases, the father was the joint first object of attachment
• Grossman et al carried out a longitudinal studies on babies attachment into teenage years. They found that the babies' attachment to the mother was important for relationships in adolescence, suggesting a less important role for the father. However, they did find that quality of fathers play with babies was related to emotional development.
• When fathers take on the role of the primary attachment figure, they can take on 'motherly' roles. Field fim=lmed 4 month old babies in interactions wit primary caregiver mothers, secondary caregiver fathers and primary caregiver fathers. Field found that the primary caregiver fathers spent more time smiling, imitating and holding their baby than secondary caregiver fathers.