South Sudan Case Study

• South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011.
• The country is in a serious humanitarian crisis with destroyed livelihoods, reliance on subsistence agriculture, 4.2 million forced to leave their home (2 million IDP and 2.2 million refugees), acute and persistent food insecurity, and 7 million requiring humanitarian assistance.
• Women and children in South Sudan face gender-based violence and child labour.
• South Sudan has limited production capacity, with 96% of the country's exports being crude oil.
• South Sudan has limited access to basic services.
• The government of South Sudan is focused on defence and security, not on poverty reduction.
• South Sudan is ranked 186th in the Human Development Index.
• The United Nations has reported instances of ethnic cleansing in certain areas of South Sudan.
• 82% of the population of South Sudan lives below the global poverty line, earning $1.90 per day.
• South Sudan lacks basic infrastructure.
• South Sudan has one of the lowest GDP per capita in the world, with an economic decline.
• UNHCR delivers assistance and protection services to refugees and IDP's in Sudan.
• Peace in Sudan has been threatened due to disagreements between President Kiir and Vice President Machar over the control of all 10 states.
• UNMISS sent over 16,000 personnel to Sudan in 2019/20.
• UNICEF overcomes obstacles affecting children, including poverty, disease, and violence, in Sudan.
• WHO implements strategies to reduce maternal and child morbidity, prevent communicable and non-communicable disease, and strengthen the country's health system in Sudan.
• UNICEF has fields throughout Sudan that help it reach as many children and mothers as possible.
• The UN has reported instances of looting of humanitarian supplies, roadside attacks, and mismanagement of government spending on services in Sudan.
• Terre des Hommes is a Swiss NGO working in the southeast of Sudan.
• The United Nations and other organisations are involved in interventions and interactions in South Sudan.
• Terre des Hommes supplies shelter, clean water, and sanitation, and helps to increase local food production in Sudan.
• IGAD (Intergovernmental authority on development for eastern Africa) played a massive role in the peace process in Sudan.
• UNMISS aims to protect civilians, monitor human rights, support implementation of agreements, and support delivery of humanitarian assistance in Sudan.
• South Sudan is landlocked, making it harder to trade and rely on neighbours.
• 98% of South Sudan's exports are crude oil, which can lead to unpredictable price fluctuations and make it unreliable for income.
• The resource curse can lead to conflict from their source and extraction.
• South Sudan lacks infrastructure, with no railway networks, commercial airlines, FDI, and its military is led by the army.
• Tribalism in South Sudan is a cause of conflict, with the Dinka tribe having more oil and increasing likelihood of conflict.
• Historical causes of conflict in South Sudan include the legacy of British colonialism, which created artificial borders between Egypt and Sudan.
• The impacts of conflict in South Sudan include social issues such as 100-400,000 killed, levels of development low and no infrastructure to record deaths, and more than 10,000 child soldiers recruited with no education and their future compromised.
• Rape of women in South Sudan is a cause of conflict, with stigma between tribes.
• More than 400,000 children in South Sudan are suffering from malnutrition.
• 20% school enrolment and 70% of schools closed in South Sudan, with half the country in need of aid.
• 2 million people have fled to neighbouring countries, Ethiopia and Sudan, straining these countries.
• 2 million people are internationally displaced from South Sudan, half are children.
• All foreign nationals have been evacuated from South Sudan, impacting the economy and loss of skilled workers and investment.
• If the war in South Sudan continues for another 1-5 years, it could cost the country 2.3-28 billion.
• Security costs could increase by 2.2 billion in South Sudan.
• Oil production in South Sudan has been halved due to the conflict.
• Inflation in South Sudan has risen to 300%.