Physiology test 1

• Physiology is the Study of interactions of a function
• Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organisms are levels of organization
• The tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
• Epithelial tissue is outside of our body
• Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue
• Intracellular fluid makes up 67% of fluid in the body
• Extracellular fluid consists of plasma and intersitial fluid
• Plasma makes up 7% of extracellular fluid
• Interstitial fluid makes up 26% of extracellular fluid
• Negative feedback is regulated around a set point
• Reflex arc components are receptors, afferent pathway, CNS, efferent pathway, effector
• Adaption is permanent
• Acclimation is reversible and temporary
• Biological rhythms include: circadian, entertainment, free-running, and phase shift
• Circadian are body rhythms
• Circadian rhythm includes body temperature and hormone secretion
• Entertainment are rhythms according to external cues
• Free-running rhythms don’t have external cues
• Phase-shift is the resetting of entrained rhythms. Ex: jet lag
• Pool chemical substances include food, air, molecules, and minerals
• pool chemical substances are a result of gains and losses
• Membrane components include: phospholipid, cholesterol, proteins, marker molecules, glycolyx, and attachment proteins
• Phospholipids form bilayers and are faster
• Cholesterol is 1/3 of the membrane lipid
• Cholesterol provides membrane stability and fluidity
• Proteins are integral and peripheral
• voltage change opens channels
• shape change allows passage
• Uniports are one species and go one direction
• symporters are two species and go one direction
• antiporters are two species and go opposite directions
• Diffusion is due to the random motion of molecules
• passive movement decreases size as diffusion increases
• Hypertonic is more concentrated
• hypotonic is less concentrated
• isotonic has the same concentration
• Enzyme activity is affected by pH and temperature
• central nervous system(CNS) includes brain and spinal cord
• peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes everything else
• Somatic nervous system include sensory and motor