Parts of cell

• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that determines the characteristics of an organism.
• The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the plasma membrane where most chemical reactions occur.
• Ribosomes synthesize proteins using instructions from DNA.
• Mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration.
• Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions.
• Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes to break down waste materials within cells.
• Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell or outside the cell.
• Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid production.
• Plant cells also contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and cell walls made up of cellulose fibers.
• Animal cells have a single nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope, while plant cells have multiple nuclei enclosed in a larger central vacuole.
• Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and convert sunlight into sugar during photosynthesis.
• Vacuoles store water, nutrients, or wastes.
• Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis, consisting of RNA molecules and protein subunits.
• Cell wall: A rigid structure that surrounds the plasma membrane and provides support and protection to the cell.
• Nucleolus: The site where ribosomal RNA is produced.
• Cytoskeleton: A network of protein filaments (microtubules) and microfilaments (actin filaments) that give shape and stability to the cell.
• The smooth ER serves as the recipient for those proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi apparatus
• Rough ER (RER) is involved in some protein production, protein folding, quality control and despatch