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• Leisure means free time that can be spent as you see fit and the activities that is involved in such time.

  It is said to be the time that is not necessarily planned but also not necessarily wasted, which is believed to be the chance for the body to rejuvenate itself.
• Licere = “to be permitted or to be free”
• Loisir = “free time”
• License and Liberty = “free choice”
• Ascholia = work (absence of leisure)
• The Classical View of Leisure Aristotle –     “A state of being in which activity is performed for its own sake”
• Leisure as a Symbol of Social Class Thorstein Veblen – “The possession and visible use of leisure became the hallmark of the upper class”
• Leisure as a Form of Activity Activities that people engage during their free time and may serve specific functions and stems from intrinsic motivation (relaxation, entertainment, personal development)
• Leisure as a Unobligated Time Discretionary or unobligated time that lacks a sense of obligation or compulsion.
• Leisure as a State of being Marked by Freedom To leisure means to be oneself, to express one’s talents, one’s capacities, and one’s potentials.
• Leisure as a Spiritual Expression Contribution to spiritual expression or religious values.

   
• Recreatio = “refreshes or restores”
• Historically, recreation was often regarded as a period of light and restful activity, voluntarily chosen, that permits one to regain energy after heavy work and to return to work renewed.
• WHAT IS RECREATION? (Contemporary Definition)

   

   1. Activity carried on by under certain conditions or with certain motivations

  2. A process or state of being - something that happens within the person while engaging in certain kinds of activity, with a given set of expectations

  3. Perceived as a kind of squeak institution, a body of knowledge or a professional field.
• Socializing Behaviors - Dancing , dating, going to parties, or visiting friends, in which people relate to one another in informal and non stereotyped ways
• Associative Behaviors - Activities in which people grouped together because of a common interests, such as car clubs, stamps; coin, or gem-collecting groups
• Competitive Behaviors - Activities that include competing against the environment or even against one’s own limitations
• Exploratory Behaviors - In a sense, all recreation involves some degree of exploration (travel and sightseeing)

   
• PLAY OF EARLY SOCIETIES

  ● Vestiges of warfare

  ● Musical instruments

  ● Pottery, painting, drawings and other early art of provided a record of daily life and cultural mythology

  ● Beads and other jewelry

  ● Religious ritual or games
• NATIVE AMERICAN - Boys practiced warrior skills and were taught to survive unarmed and unclothed in the wilderness.
• ANCIENT EGYPT

  ● Advanced knowledge of astronomy, architecture, engineering, agriculture, and construction.

  ● Wrestling, Gymnastic Exercises, Lifting, swingin weights, ball games

  ● Music, drama, and dance were forms of religious worship

  ● Complex orchestras

  ● Female performers
• ANCIENT ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA

  ● Boxing, wrestling archery and a variety of table games

  ● Lion-hunting in Chariots and on foot using spears

  ● Royal Hunting parties

  ● Vineyards, fishponds and the famed hanging gardens of Babylon
• ANCIENT ISRAEL

  ● Music and dancing were performed for ritual purposes

  ● Hunting, fishing, wrestling , and the use of weapons

  ● Sabbath Day

   
• ANCIENT GREEK

  ● Arts poetry, music, theater, gymnastics) and athletics

  ● Sports appear to have been part of daily life and to have occurred mainly when there were mass gatherings of people such as assembly of an army of war, wedding, or funeral

  ● Musical events

  ● Young children enjoyed toys, dolls, and carts. When boys reached the age of seven, they were enrolled in schools in which gymnastics, and music were primary elements.

   
• ANCIENT ROME

  ● Sports and gymnastics intended to keep the body strong and spirit courageous

  ● Games to worship Roman Gods funded by public funds

  ● Systematic planners and builders
• PASTIMES IN MIDDLE AGES

  ● Travel in reasonable safety becomes possible. The people of Middle Ages had an insatiable love of sightseeing and would travel great distances to see entertainment.

  ● Custome of jousting emerged within the medieval courts stemming from the tradition that only the nobility fought on horseback while common men fought on foot

  ● The common people had leisure activities like village festival and sports, practical joking,

  throwing weight, cockfighting, bull baiting, and other lively games.

   
• THE RENAISSANCE (REBIRTH) PERIOD

  ● Revived interest in scholarship, philosophy, and arts

  ● Expansion of commerce and travel in Europe

  ● Nobility became patrons of great painter, sculptors, musicians, dancers, and dramatics

  ● Varied forms of play became part of education of the youth

  ● Emergence of large parks - royal hunting preserves or parks and ornate or formal garden parks

  ● Leisure is highly based on the social status
• THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

  The industrial revolution changed the way people lived and it also has great effect on popular patterns of recreating and leisure. The residents were oppressed by low wages and recurrent unemployment hence leisure and recreation was not a priority over their basic needs. Many believed that work alone is sufficient for an individual to improve his or her social and economic status.
• IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  ● The first half of the 19th Century saw a gradual expansion of popular amusements in the United States. Performances were usually by touring players who joined local stock companies throughout the country presenting serious drama as well as lighthearted entertainment.

  ● By 1830’s, there are about 30 travelling shows around the country with menageries and groups of acrobats and jugglers which later developed into circuses.
• IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (cont.)

  ● Drinking remained a popular pastime and majority of American men were tavern goers

  ● Towards the last half of the century, free public education had become a reality and was able to develop college sport as a campus based recreation.

  ● Commercial amusements as well as dime museums, dance halls, shooting galleries, bowling alleys, billiards parlors, beer gardens and saloons sprang in major cities and provided a new way of entertainment to pay.
• RECREATION AND PARKS IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

  ● Municipal parks became well established.

  ● The concept that city governments should provide recreation facilities, programs, and services became widely accepted.

  ● New forest preserves, historic, and scientific sites and wildlife protected area were included in the systems

  ● Playgrounds, parks, public beaches, and picnic ground appeal to young people

  ● Commercial recreation such as theme parks and casinos, as well as wellness-related facilities such as spas became popular.

  ● Resorts emerged as an all in one stop
• MOTIVATION - Describes why a person does something. It is the driving force behind human actions. Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
• PHYSICAL MOTIVATORS

  Tied to one’s physical well-being.

  1. It promotes physical health

  2. Body image

  3. A means to avoid or manage diseases

   4. Weight Management
• SOCIAL MOTIVATORS

  The natural desire to belong to a group.

  1. Being with other and reducing loneliness

  2. Social Norms

  3. Social Status

   
• PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVATORS

  Help a person’s mental well-being.

  1. Sense of Adventure, Excitement, and Challenge

  2. Stress Management

  3. Relaxation and Escape

  4. Healthy Balance of Work and Play

   
• EMOTIONAL MOTIVATORS

  Help a person be emotionally healthy.

  1. Happiness and well-being

  2. Intellectual Outcomes

  3. Spiritual Values and Outcomes
• PERSONAL BENEFITS

  ● Promotes physical fitness

  ● Develops fine and gross motor skills

  ● Improves self-confidence

  ● Gives a more positive outlook on life

  ● Decrease stress

  ● Creates a more positive self-image

  ● Provides the opportunity to learn new skills

  ●Improves problem-solving, tolerance of others and leadership

  ● Promotes spiritual growth

  ● Gives opportunity to take calculated risks

  ● Allows to set short-term and long-term goals

   
• SOCIAL BENEFITS

  ● Provides opportunities to develop friendships ● Improves social skills

  ● Reduces feeling of alienation

  ● Introduces new learning environments

  ●Promotes sharing, nurturing, and understanding of others

  ● Build strong family ties

  ● Promotes ethnic and cultural harmony

  ● Improves group development
• ECONOMIC BENEFITS

  ● Lowers medical costs

  ● Lowers job absenteeism

  ● Increases job stability and productivity

  ● Spurs economic growth

  ● Build a sense of community

  ● Decreases crime and vandalism

  ● Boosts tourism
• ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

  ● Protects and preserves environmentally sensitive areas

  ● Results in cleaner and well maintained facilities

  ● Preserves cultural and historical sites

  ● Increases awareness in environmental issues

   ● Improves community image