quiz guide chptr 4-5

• botton-up process


  tiny elements combine to produce larger items
• top-down process


  you appy your experiences and expecttion to interpret each iten in context
• induced movement


  incorrectly perceiving an ubject as moving
• stroboscopic movement


  an illusion of movement created by a rapid succession of stationary images
• Retina


  a layer of visual receptors covering the back surface of the eyeball
• Fovea


  the central area of the retina. adapted for detailed vision
• iris


  the colored structured in the surface of the eye surrounding the pupil
• rods


  adapted for vision in dim light
• cones


  adapted for perceiving color and detailing bright light
• sound waves


  vibrations of the air, water, or other medium. vary in frequency and amplitude
• pitch


  a perception closely related to low frequency
• Hertz


  vibrations per second
• timbre


  tone complexity. the differences in sound is due to timbre
• prosody


  refers to intonation, stress pattern, loudness variations, pausing, and rhythm
• conduction deafness


  results when the bones connected to the eardrum failed to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea
• nerve deafness

  results when there is damage to the cochlea, haircells, or auditory nerve
• phantom lims


  continuing sensation including pain in a limb that is no longer there
• habituation


  decreased response to a repeated stimulus
• dishabituation


  when a change in a stimulus increases a previously habituated response
• zygote


  fertilized egg cell
• fetus

  8 weeks after conception
• embryo

  unborn child until the end of seventh week following conception
• cross-sectional design


  compares groups of individuals with different ages
• longitutional design


  follows a single group of individuals as they develop