South sudan case study more notes

• South Sudan is landlocked, making it harder to trade and rely on neighbours.
• 98% of South Sudan's exports are crude oil, which can lead to unpredictable price fluctuations and make it unreliable for income.
• The resource curse can lead to conflict from their source and extraction.
• South Sudan lacks infrastructure, with no railway networks, commercial airlines, FDI, and its military is led by the army.
• Tribalism in South Sudan is a cause of conflict, with the Dinka tribe having more oil and increasing likelihood of conflict.
• Historical causes of conflict in South Sudan include the legacy of British colonialism, which created artificial borders between Egypt and Sudan.
• The impacts of conflict in South Sudan include social issues such as 100-400,000 killed, levels of development low and no infrastructure to record deaths, and more than 10,000 child soldiers recruited with no education and their future compromised.
• Rape of women in South Sudan is a cause of conflict, with stigma between tribes.
• More than 400,000 children in South Sudan are suffering from malnutrition.
• 20% school enrolment and 70% of schools closed in South Sudan, with half the country in need of aid.
• 2 million people have fled to neighbouring countries, Ethiopia and Sudan, straining these countries.
• 2 million people are internationally displaced from South Sudan, half are children.
• All foreign nationals have been evacuated from South Sudan, impacting the economy and loss of skilled workers and investment.
• If the war in South Sudan continues for another 1-5 years, it could cost the country 2.3-28 billion.
• Security costs could increase by 2.2 billion in South Sudan.
• Oil production in South Sudan has been halved due to the conflict.
• Inflation in South Sudan has risen to 300%.
• United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) is a peacekeeping mission to consolidate peace, support the South Sudanese government, prevent violence and develop governmental organisations.
• United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) works in South Sudan due to its high fertility rate and high young dependency ratio (45% of the population is below 15 years).
• World Health Organization (WHO) is working in South Sudan on a cholera vaccination programme.
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is working with both sides to protect displaced people in South Sudan.
• Medecines sans frontieres (MSF) is a French based NGO that operates worldwide in the toughest regions, is neutral and provides aid to those in need.
• Save the Children is a UK based charity that promotes children's rights, giving support, improving education, healthcare and economic opportunities.
• Oxfam's main mission is to alleviate global poverty through a rights based approach, constructing water facilities providing a clean and affordable water source.
• CARE has been working in South Sudan since 1993, providing famine relief and other key humanitarian needs, alongside gender-based violence.
• Positive effects for local communities in South Sudan include NGOs reducing the impact of famine in the wet season, providing food airdrops in more remote areas, and providing training and equipment in agricultural and fishing methods for sustainable food security.