chromosomes and mitosis

• What are three purposes for new cells in multicellular organisms?

  Growth, development, repair
• The process through which cells are generated is called the cell cycle
• Main stages of the cell cycle

  1️⃣ Growth

  2️⃣ DNA replication

  3️⃣ Mitosis and cytokinesis
• The cell cycle can be thought of as the life cycle of the cell.
• What increases in the cell during the growth stage of the cell cycle?

  Subcellular structures
• The DNA is duplicated during the replication stage to ensure each new cell has a full set
• During normal cell function, DNA is spread out in long strings.
• What are chromosomes made of?

  Condensed packets of DNA
• Genes within chromosomes control the development of different characteristics
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23
• Animals of different species cannot reproduce because they have different numbers of chromosomes.
• Each duplicated chromosome forms an X-shaped structure with identical arms
• What attaches to the chromosomes during cell division?

  Cell fibers
• Steps of mitosis in cell division

  1️⃣ Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

  2️⃣ Fibers attach to the chromosomes

  3️⃣ Chromosomes are pulled apart
• In cytokinesis, the cell membrane and cytoplasm pull apart.
• Cytokinesis results in two identical daughter cells
• What happens to the daughter cells after cytokinesis?

  They re-enter the cell cycle