memory

• What psychological approach is related to the memory unit?

  The cognitive approach
• What are the main components of the multi-store model of memory?

  • Sensory register
  • Short-term memory
  • Long-term memory
• Who created the multi-store model of memory?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin
• What is the nature of the multi-store model?

  It is an information processor model
• How is information processed in the multi-store model?

  In a linear direction
• What are the three stores in the multi-store model?

  Sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory
• What are the three features of each store in the multi-store model?

  Coding, capacity, and duration
• What does coding refer to in the context of memory?

  The format in which information is stored
• What does capacity refer to in the context of memory?

  How much information can be held
• What does duration refer to in the context of memory?

  How long information can be held
• What is the sensory register?

  The store that receives sensory information
• How is coding in the sensory register described?

  Modality specific
• What is the capacity of the sensory register?

  Potentially unlimited
• What is the duration of the sensory register?

  Approximately 250 milliseconds
• How does information move from the sensory register to short-term memory?

  Through attention
• What is the coding of short-term memory?

  Acoustic
• What is the capacity of short-term memory?

  7 items plus or minus 2
• What is the duration of short-term memory?

  Between 18 and 30 seconds
• How can information be passed to long-term memory?

  Through rehearsal
• What is maintenance rehearsal?

  Repeating information to keep it in short-term memory
• What is elaborative rehearsal?

  Linking new information to existing knowledge
• What happens to information not passed to long-term memory?

  It is lost
• What is the coding in long-term memory?

  Semantic coding
• What is the capacity of long-term memory?

  Potentially unlimited
• What is the duration of long-term memory?

  Very large, potentially unlimited
• What did Glanzer's research demonstrate?

  The primacy and recency effect
• What does the primacy effect refer to?

  Better recall of the first items
• What does the recency effect refer to?

  Better recall of the last items
• What did Sperling's study reveal about sensory memory?

  It has a large capacity
• What did Baddeley's study show about short-term memory coding?

  It is coded acoustically
• What is the average recall for numbers according to Jacobs' research?

  Around nine items
• What is the average recall for letters according to Jacobs' research?

  Around seven items
• How can the capacity of short-term memory be increased?

  By chunking information
• What did Peterson and Peterson's study find about short-term memory duration?

  It lasts between 18 and 30 seconds
• What did Baddeley's study reveal about long-term memory coding?

  It is coded semantically
• What did Wagner's diary study suggest about long-term memory?

  It has a very large capacity
• What did Barrack's study find about long-term memory recall?

  Recall was 90% after 15 years
• What is a criticism of the multi-store model regarding ecological validity?

  Research lacks real-life application
• What is a criticism of the tasks used in memory research?

  They lack mundane realism
• What is a limitation of the multi-store model regarding memory types?

  It suggests memory stores are unitary