Open vs closed systems

• What is an open circulatory system?

  Blood isn't confined within vessels
• What is the body cavity called in an open circulatory system?

  Haemocoel
• How does blood flow in an open circulatory system?

  It bathes tissues and organs directly
• What are the main features of open and closed circulatory systems?

  • Open System:
  • No enclosed vessels
  • Low blood pressure
  • Less efficient
  • Examples: Insects, most molluscs
  • Closed System:
  • Blood travels in vessels
  • High blood pressure
  • Highly efficient
  • Examples: Vertebrates, annelids
• What is a disadvantage of an open circulatory system?

  It is less efficient at distributing blood
• What is the efficiency of a closed circulatory system in distributing oxygen and nutrients?

  It is highly efficient
• What is the difference between an open system and a closed system?

  An open system exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings, while a closed system only exchanges energy but not matter.
• How does blood circulate in a closed circulatory system?

  It circulates through blood vessels without bathing tissues
• How does blood pressure in a closed circulatory system compare to an open system?

  Blood pressure is high in closed systems
• What are the main differences between open and closed circulatory systems?

  • Vessels:
  • Open: No enclosed vessels
  • Closed: Blood travels in blood vessels
  • Blood Pressure:
  • Open: Low
  • Closed: High
  • Efficiency:
  • Open: Less efficient
  • Closed: Highly efficient
• What are the key characteristics of an isolated system?

  • No exchange of energy with surroundings
  • No exchange of matter with surroundings
  • Completely closed off from its environment
• Which organisms typically have an open circulatory system?

  Insects and most molluscs
• How do the exchange of energy and matter differ between open, closed, and isolated systems?

  • Open system: Exchanges both energy and matter
  • Closed system: Exchanges energy but not matter
  • Isolated system: Exchanges neither energy nor matter
• What role does the heart play in a closed circulatory system?

  The heart pumps blood throughout the body
• If a system is exchanging both energy and matter with its surroundings, what type of system is it?

  An open system
• Which organisms typically have a closed circulatory system?

  Vertebrates and annelids
• What is a closed circulatory system?

  A system where blood is confined to vessels
• What is the key difference between a closed system and an isolated system?

  A closed system can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings, while an isolated system exchanges neither energy nor matter.
• What is the pressure level in a closed system?

  High
• What type of pumping organ is found in an open system?

  Simple heart
• What are the main components that differentiate open and closed systems?

  • Blood Flow:
  • Open: Through haemocoel
  • Closed: In blood vessels
  • Pumping Organ:
  • Open: Simple heart
  • Closed: Well-developed heart
  • Pressure:
  • Open: Low
  • Closed: High
  • Control:
  • Open: Limited
  • Closed: Extensive
• What type of pumping organ is found in a closed system?

  Well-developed heart
• What is the main component of blood flow in a closed system?

  In blood vessels
• What is a key advantage of open circulatory systems?

  Simplicity in structure
• How does control differ between open and closed systems?

  Open systems have limited control
• How does control differ in closed systems compared to open systems?

  Closed systems have extensive control
• What are the overall characteristics of closed circulatory systems?

  • Better suited for larger, more active animals
  • Efficient transport of oxygen and nutrients
  • Precise control over distribution
• What is a third advantage of closed circulatory systems?

  Maintains constant blood pressure for consistent flow
• What is the pressure level in an open system?

  Low
• Why do open circulatory systems require less energy?

  They have a simpler structure
• What is a fourth advantage of closed circulatory systems?

  Supports higher metabolic rates
• What is a disadvantage of open circulatory systems?

  Slow blood flow
• Why are open circulatory systems less ideal for larger animals?

  They are less efficient in delivering nutrients
• How do closed systems support larger, active bodies?

  They ensure high efficiency in delivering oxygen and nutrients
• What is the significance of open and closed circulatory systems?

  They impact organism energy needs and efficiency
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of open circulatory systems?

  Advantages:

  • Simplicity in structure
  • Requires less energy
  • Tolerates lower metabolic rates

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Slow blood flow
  • Reduced efficiency in oxygen delivery
  • Limited delivery to specific tissues
• Why are open systems suitable for insects?

  They have low metabolic rates requiring direct tissue bathing
• What type of circulatory system do insects have?

  Open circulatory system
• What is one disadvantage of closed circulatory systems?

  More complex structure compared to open systems
• What is a third disadvantage of closed circulatory systems?

  Prone to clotting and other complications