Module 53

• Washburn discovered that when our stomach is full, we feel full, even if it's not food inside.
• As glucose levels drop, the liver and pancreas promotes hunger
• Insulin regulates blood sugar levels, and lower levels of insulin promote hunger
• The hypothalamus acts as the control centre for hunger and safety.
• Ghrelin is produced by the stomach to stimulate appetite.
• Obestatin suppresses appetite
• PYY suppresses appetite secreted by the digestive tract
• Leptin diminishes the pleasure of food secreted by cells
• Your body naturally does not want to change it's own weight, as a consistent body weight is important for survival.
• If your body weight lowers, your body lowers your metabolism, and rises hunger levels.
• If your body weight rises, your body increases your metabolism and lowers hunger levels.
• Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is the caloric consumption of your body (even if you aren't doing anything)
• The average resting metabolic rate (RMR) is 1400 for woman, and 1800 for men.
• Taste preferences are influenced by: genetics, culture, and experience
• Humans experience neophobia, the avoidance of new foods as a safety mechanism
• Potingestive effects determines how you respond to food in the future
• Anorexia is an intense fear of gaining weight

  • They may be underweight because of that fear
  • Significantly reduces caloric intake
  • Has denial of the seriousness of it
  • In females, menstrual cycles may be missed
• Bulimia is an eating disorder where they eat large amounts of food, and then purge the calories out of their system
• Binge-eating Disorder is when a person eats large amounts of food without purging
• Purging is the process of removing unwanted or unacceptable elements from a system.
• Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight.
• Weight Discrimination is the tendency to discriminate against people who's weight does not fit your prototype of what a healthy weight is
• Obesity can be attributed to genetic and activity factors, such as sleep loss, social influence, food consumption, and activity level.
• When someone loses weight, the fats cells shrink, but the amount stays the same.