Controlling blood glucose

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• How does insulin affect blood glucose levels?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What is the role of the pancreas in blood glucose control?

  It monitors and regulates glucose levels
• What happens to blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  They rise and are sensed by the pancreas
• What is glycogen?

  A storage molecule for excess glucose
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose?

  Maintaining a constant glucose concentration
• What are the two types of diabetes mentioned?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• How does Type 1 diabetes affect insulin production?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ between a person with Type 1 diabetes and a healthy person after a meal?

  It remains high in Type 1 diabetes
• How do people with Type 1 diabetes manage their condition?

  They monitor glucose and inject insulin
• What is the main issue in Type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is Type 2 diabetes typically treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet
• What is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What happens to blood glucose concentration between meals?

  It can fall too low
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What effect does glucagon have on glycogen?

  It converts glycogen back to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon interact in blood glucose regulation?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is the process of blood glucose regulation involving insulin and glucagon?

  • After meals, insulin is released
  • Insulin lowers blood glucose by:
  • Triggering glucose uptake by cells
  • Stimulating glycogen storage
  • Between meals, glucagon is released
  • Glucagon raises blood glucose by:
  • Converting glycogen back to glucose
• What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?


  Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Insufficient insulin production
  • Requires insulin injections

  
  

  Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Body cells resist insulin
  • Managed with diet and exercise
• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  It rises and is sensed by the pancreas
• How does insulin affect liver and muscle cells?

  It triggers them to store excess glucose as glycogen
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  Maintaining a constant glucose level in blood
• What condition occurs when blood glucose control is ineffective?

  Diabetes
• What is type 1 diabetes characterized by?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ between a person with type 1 diabetes and one without?

  Type 1 diabetes has persistently high glucose levels
• How do people with type 1 diabetes manage their condition?

  They monitor blood glucose and inject insulin
• What is type 2 diabetes characterized by?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is type 2 diabetes typically treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet and exercise
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What effect does glucagon have on liver cells?

  It triggers conversion of glycogen to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon work together in blood glucose regulation?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is the process of blood glucose regulation involving insulin and glucagon?

  • After meals, insulin is released to lower glucose.
  • When glucose is low, glucagon is released to raise glucose.
  • This maintains homeostasis in blood glucose levels.
• What are the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Insufficient insulin production by pancreas.
  • Requires insulin injections for management.

  
  

  Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Body cells do not respond to insulin.
  • Managed with diet control and exercise.