cells

• In eukaryotic cells Golgi apparatus: packages and modifies proteins by adding carbohydrate making glycoproteins, is responsible for making lysosomes
• Interphase

  • DNA replicated/ genetic content
  • organelles replicated
  • ATP content increased

  Prophase

  • Chromosomes condese/thicken
  • tiny bundles of protein called centrioles start moving to opposite poles, forming a network of protein fibres 'spindle fibres/
  • nuclear envelop breaks down, chromosomes now free in cytoplasm

  Metaphase

  • chromosomes (pairs of sister chromatids) line up along the middle
  • attach to spindle by centromere

  Anaphase

  . centromeres divide, sparating each air of sister chromatids
• membrane

  • regulates the movement of substances into/ out of cell
  • has receptors on it, which respond to chemical signals
• nucleus (nucleolus/ nuclear envelope/ pores)

  • controls cells activities (by controlling transcription of DNA)
  • DNA contains instructions to make proteins
  • pores allow substances to move between cytoplasm/ nucleus
  • nucleolus makes ribosomes
• Golgi apparatus:

  • processes/ packages new lipids/proteins
  • makes lysosomes
• Golgi vesicle:

  • (produced by golgi apparatus)
  • stores lipids/ proteins made by golgi apparatus
  • Transports them out of the cell
• ribosome is made of RNA and proteins
• RER

  • folds/ processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes
• SER

  • synthesises/ processes lipids
• Vacuole

  • helps to maintain pressure inside the cell/ keeping it rigid
  • stops plants wilting
  • involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell
• prokaryotic cell wall made of murein (glycoprotein)