exam 1

• motor programs are specific patterns triggered by a stimulus
• Behavior in which parents rely on others to raise their young is brood parasitism.
• innate behavior is instinctual and does not require experience
• kinetic movement is random movement
• taxis is directional movement
• positive taxis is movement towards something
• negative taxis is movement away from something
• a reflex is the body's involuntary response to a stimulus
• a reflex response does not require the brain to communicate through the body
• no response to harmless stimuli is habituation
• process in which young animals follow the characteristics of the first thing it lays eyes on is imprinting
• imprinting can be reversible.
• classical conditioning involves the senses
• classical conditioning occurs between a reflexive response and a stimulus
• example of classical conditioning is a dog salivating to the ring of a bell
• red stripe of the underbelly of a fish is an example of a trigger
• operant conditioning is when behavior changes as a result of its consequences
• negative reinforcement increases the frequency of desired behaviors by removing something unpleasant
• positive reinforcement increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again
• trial and error is a behavior response in which you try until successful
• cognition applies past experiences and reasoning to problem solve
• biological rhythms control when certain species eat, sleep, reproduce, etc.
• circadian rhythm refers to daily cycles
• lunar rhythm refers to cycle changes based on the phases of the moon
• annual rhythm refers to yearly cycle
• nocturnal rhythm refers to night rhythm
• diurnal rhythm refers to daytime rhythm
• crepuscular rhythm refers to dusk/dawn rhythm
• migration is movement from one point to another
• long distance migration is movement by air or water
• short distance migration is movement via land
• navigation uses the environment to direct migration
• dominance hierarchy establishes superiority with aggressive behavior
• territory refers to a small and highly protected area
• range refers to less protected, bigger area
• courtship rituals ensure suitability between male and female partners
• learning is long term behavior based on experience
• A species is a breeding individual that can produce fertile offspring
• A population is a group of individuals of the same species
• a community is a groups of populations.