video notes

• What do the Witches do in Act 4, Scene 1?

  They cast a spell around a cauldron
• Who appears after the Witches cast their spell?

  Hecate, the goddess of Witchcraft
• What does Macbeth command the Witches to do?

  To answer his questions
• What does the first apparition warn Macbeth about?

  To beware Macduff, the Thane of Fife
• What does the second apparition tell Macbeth?

  None of woman born shall harm him
• How does Macbeth react to the second apparition's message?

  He feels cheered and confident
• What decision does Macbeth make after hearing the prophecies?

  To have Macduff murdered
• What does the third apparition tell Macbeth?

  He will never be defeated until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane
• What does Macbeth ask about Banquo's children?

  If they will ever rule over Scotland
• How do the Witches respond to Macbeth's demand about Banquo's children?

  They advise him not to ask
• What vision appears before Macbeth after he demands answers?

  A vision of eight kings followed by Banquo
• What news does Lennox bring to Macbeth?

  That Macduff has fled to England
• What does Macbeth vow to do after hearing Lennox's news?

  To kill all of Macduff's family
• How does Macbeth's decision to kill Macduff's family reflect his character?

  It shows his unhinged and corrupted state
• What does Lady Macduff discuss with the Thane of Ross?

  Why Macduff has fled to England
• How does Lady Macduff feel about Macduff's departure?

  She believes he has abandoned them
• What does Lady Macduff tell her son about his father?

  That his father is dead and a coward
• What does Lady Macduff's realization about good and evil signify?

  That evil deeds are often praised
• What happens to Lady Macduff and her son?

  They are killed by Macbeth's murderers
• What does Malcolm test Macduff's loyalty with?

  By lying about his own qualities
• What are the three fake vices Malcolm claims to have?

  Lust, avarice, and chaos
• How does Macduff react to Malcolm's claim of chaos?

  He cries out in despair for Scotland
• What news does Ross bring to Macduff?

  That his wife and children are dead
• How does Malcolm describe Scotland's suffering?

  It weeps, bleeds, and has wounds
• What does Malcolm's description of Scotland emphasize?

  The depths of Macbeth's cruel kingship
• What motif does Shakespeare employ through Malcolm's words?

  The motif of blood and violence
• How does Malcolm's perspective differ from Macbeth's?

  Malcolm seeks justice, Macbeth seeks power