General Chemistry 1 Reviewer

• States of matter- Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
• Solid- not separated since it occupies physical space and volume, compact
• Liquid- Slightly separated ,has definite volume and also takes up the shape of its container
• Gas- separated since it has no fixed volume of shape
• Plasma-an ionized gas, a gas into which sufficient energy is provided to free electrons from atoms or molecules and to allow both species, ions and electrons, to coexist, has negative and positive charge.same as gas but has more appearance
• Solid- Sugar,ice, iron nail
• Liquid- Syrup,Alcohol
• Gas- Air
• Plasma- lightning
• 3 particles compose matter and takes up space- ions, atoms, molecules,
• ions- particles that makes up atoms
• classification of ions- positive , negative, neutral ions
• Cations- Positive Charge
• Anions- negative charge
• Molecules- Combined atoms
• Atoms - made up of particles called ions, makes up tons of elements
• Molecules- consists of numerous individual units ,these then start to come together to create matter
• Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Matter - Pure Substance , Mixture
• Pure Substance- A substance that is made up of only one element or compound.
• Pure Substance- Compound , Elements
• Compounds- two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.
• Elements- the simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
• Mixture- A substance made up of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined
• Homogeneous mixture- The components of this type of mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the sample.
• Heterogenous mixture- The components of this type of mixture are not evenly mixed together.
• Properties of matter- mass, volume, density, melting point, boiling point, conductivity, colour, taste, odour
• Properties of matter that change involve during measurement of property- Chemical, Physical
• Properties of matter that dependence on amount of matter- Intensive, Extensive
• Chemical Property- Observed and measured as sample changes chemical identity
• Physical Property - Observed and measured without changing chemical identity as sample
• Intensive Property- Property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a substance and not on the amount of matter
• Extensive Property- Property of matter that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
• Classes of Physical properties- Intensive, Extensive
• Separation techniques- Filtration, Mechanical Separation, Magnetic separation, Evaporation
• Filtration- Removes solid particles from liquid by passing through filter paper or cloth
• Magnetic Separation- Uses magnetic difference between two substances to separate mixture (e.g., iron filings)
• Mechanical separation- Uses tool to separate substances
• Evaporation- Substance is heated until it evaporates leaving behind other substance(s) (e.g., water)
• Mixture- Homogeneous, Heterogeneous