Topic 5 types communication message

• Communication is the process by which messages are transferred from source to a receiver, as per Rogers & Shoe Maker.
• Both the message and its meaning are interrelated, as per Stohl (1995).
• One way communication is characterized by absence of feedback from the receiver, while two-way communication involves active feedback from the receiver to the sender to ensure that the receiver has understood the message in the same sense that sender intends to convey.
• Verbal communication involves the use of symbols that generally have universal meanings for all who are talking part in the process, while non-verbal communication is seen through messages from body movements (gestures) and displayed actions.
• Oral communication is that channel of communication in which message is transmitted in spoken form, emphasizing aspects of spoken language, writing and speaking in giving opinions or sharing meaning with other people.
• There are certain symbols or codes that describe a situation in oral communication, sometimes it is abstract and unclear, especially in a cultural context.
• Giving direct/indirect effect in oral communication is done intentionally/unintentionally.
• The function of oral communication generally is to share information, explain the meaning of the written/implied message, help to master the reality of communication that occurs, and enables the process of thought, interpretation of understanding and selection.
• Oral communication involves language, with three contributing aspects: syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
• Syntax in oral communication refers to the rules that must be followed in language activities, such as grammar.
• Semantics in oral communication is related to sharing the meaning of the use of a word with certain feelings, ideas and contexts, and includes two forms of meaning, namely denotative meaning and connotative meaning.
• Pragmatics in oral communication refers to how language is used to interact.
• Artifact (object) refers to personal objects used to express identity, including gender, style, religious, patriotic, professional, personality, status and interests of a person.
• Chronemics refers to the use of time in communicating, including being always late, punctual or always early, and is influenced by a person's culture or belief system.
• Non-verbal communication functions to help the message formation process and strengthening the verbal message, generate a perception of something, explain the various levels and forms of relationship, express feelings, assist in interaction management.
• Effective Verbal Communication involves understanding the objective/subjective/connotation/denotation, identifying the true meaning, focusing on the situation of the message, knowing demographic and cultural differences, and identifying the meaning of language.
• Paralanguage refers to vocal communication such as tone of voice (volume, pitch or speech rate) and quality, including complaints, laughter, moaning.
• Non-verbal communication means transmission of meaning other than oral or written words, and can convey information through communication whether intentional or not.
• Haptics (touch) refers to the use of touch in humanitarian communication, including responses to touch that can have positive and negative impacts, such as hugging between two people of different sexes.
• Cultural background refers to the cultural or social norms practiced by communicators.
• The situation where the interaction occurs refers to the communication in the office, debate, in the home.
• Written communication is that in which information is exchanged in the written or printed form.
• Verbal communication involves the use of certain sentences, words and language in a certain location or situation.
• Kinesics refers to reactions shown by a person such as feelings, emotions and the purpose of a person doing it, including body movements, gestures and postures such as facial expressions, head nods, lip movements, eye movements and gazes.
• Behavior/purpose of speech refers to how to persuade, praise, express anger/pity.
• Context and content refers to something that is said varies by profession.
• Form and level of relationship refers to the degree of contact density or level of contact.
• The displayed identity image refers to the presentation style or presentation of ideas.