intermolecular bonding & types of bonding ⋆·˚ ༘ *

• The strength of the London dispersion forces depends on the size, shape, and polarity of the molecules.
• An ionic bond is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between 2 opposite charges
• An ion is an atom of an element where the number of its electrons have been changed, giving it a charge
• When the charge of an ion increases, the electrostatic force will increase.
• Ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and are soluble in water.
• Ionic compounds form crystals
• Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water
• Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points
• A covalent bond is the chemical bond made by sharing electrons to form electron pairs between atoms
• Ionic bonding is the bonding of a non metal and a metal
• Covalent bonding happens between 2 non metals
• Prefixes are used only in covalent bonds
• Covalent bonds have two types of bonds, non polar and polar bonds
• Nonpolar bonds occur when electrons are shared equally
• Polar bonds occur when electrons are shared unequally
• Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force between a regular pattern of positively charged ions and a sea of delocalized electrons
• The bonding that happens in pure metals gives the metal its malleability
• Metals do not shatter under pressure because they have layers of atoms that slide over each other
• Metal ions rearrange themselves when a force is applied
• Pure metals are weaker than alloys because their structure is more tightly packed
• Alloys are the product of 2 or more metals combined
• The attraction between molecules are called the intermolecular forces
• Intramolecular attractions are much stronger than intermolecular bonds
• Ion dipole interactions happen between an ion and a polar molecule.
• The strength of ion-dipole forces allow ionic substances to dissolve in polar solvents
• Dipole-dipole interactions happen between polar covalent molecules
• The strongest dipole-dipole bond is a hydrogen bond
• Hydrogen bonds happen when a hydrogen atom is bonded with fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen
• The London dispersion force creates temporary induced dipoles
• London dispersion forces are the attraction between an induced dipole
• The London dispersion force is present in all molecules
• The factors that affect the London dispersion forces are its size, shape, and strength
• The strength of dispersion in London dispersion forces increases when the molecular weight increases
• Larger atoms are easier to polarize
• The number of electrons determines whether an atom's London dispersion force is weak or strong
• Atoms that have London dispersion forces have low boiling points and are a gas at room temperature
• Signs of chemical reactions include: bubbles/fizz, smell, exothermic/endothermic, color change, production of sound/light, production of precipitation, explosion, and a new substance being made
• Chemical reactions need energy to happen
• The minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur is called activation energy
• The 5 reaction types are: synthesis/combination, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, and double replacement