General chemistry

• What are the two types of physical properties?

  1.Intensive properties

  2. Extensive properties
• What are the 5th state of matter?

  1.solid

  2. Liquid

  3. Gas

  4. Plasma

  5. Bose Einstein Condensate
• These are the smallest unit of matter that can't be broken down chemically

  • Atoms
• These are the groups of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded

  • Molecules
• These are the particles that have gained or lost one or more of their valence electrons

  • Ions
• It's a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons.

  • Plasma
• Is a process of separating the components of a suspension

  • Filtration
• The solid particles are allowed to settle first at the bottom and later, the liquid called supernatant is poured into another container leaving behind solid particle

  •  decantation
• Is the process of converting liquid to gas, is useful in sorting mixtures such as salt solutions

  •  evaporation
• Isa a process is separating the homogeneous mixture composed of two substances with different boiling points

  • Distillation
• Is a process is separating elemental metals from other particles in a mixture

  • Magnetic separation
• Is a process the can be used in extricating mixture that contain two substances with different melting points

  • Melting
• Is a process of changing solid to gas without paying through the liquid state

  • Sublimation
• The mixture is poured into a special tube in the centrifuge apparatus, and is allowed to spin using centrifugal force

  • Centrifugation
• What are the 8 separating mixtures

  1. filtration
  2. Decantation
  3. Evaporation
  4. Distillation
  5. Magnetic separation
  6. Melting
  7. Sublimation
  8. Centrifugation
• What are the 6 chemical properties

  1. Combustibility
  2. Stability
  3. Reactivity
  4. Relative activity
  5. Ionization
  6. Toxicity
• Whether is reacts with acids, bases, and oxygen, gas our not.

  •    Reactivity
• Whether it will break into charged particles when in solution with water or not.

  •  Ionization
• Whether the substance undergoes combustion or not

  • Combustibility
• Whether the substance can be easily decomposed or not.

  •  stability
• Whether the material is more active or less active than other member of its chemically family

  • Relative activity
• There are properties that can only observed when there is a change in the composition of the substance

  • Chemical properties
• These are characteristics of matter that can be observed or measure without changing the composition of the substance

  • Physical properties
• The densities of objects are all different

  • Density
• Substances react to heating differently.

  • Heating properties
• Aluminum and iron can conduct heat well and so they are used for pots and pans
• These are substances that can be attracted to magnets

  • Magnetic properties
• Some substances are better conductors of electricity than the others

  • Electric properties
• Copper wire is good conductor while rubber and plastic do not conduct easily
• Iron, cobalt, nickel are magnetics   
• Aluminum, copper, zinc are non magnetic   
• The ability of the substance to be dissolved in a given solvent

  • Solubility
• The characteristics of plasmas are significantly different from those of ordinary neutral gases so that plasma are considered a distinct “ fourth state of matter”
• Whar are the 4 properties of matter

  1. Physical properties
  2. Chemical properties
  3. Intensive properties
  4. Extensive properties
• It does not depend on the size or amount of the sample

  • Intensive properties
• These can be affected by the size and amount of the sample

  • Extensive properties
• What are the 3 particles composing of matter

  1. Atoms
  2. Molecules
  3. Ions
• Consist of nonmetal atoms held together by covalent bonds

  • Molecular compounds
• Consist of (positive ions) and anions (negative ions) held together by electrostatic attraction

  • Ionic compound
• Ionic compound made of monatomic ions and polyatomic ions