APHG UNIT 5

• Areas of Earth used for agricultural production are identifiable as the agricultural landscape or the visible imprint of agricultural practices
• Rice paddies, barns, or feedlots are some distinctive features of agricultural landscapes
• In market gardening, farmers focus on the local or regional markets
• Market gardening's agricultural landscape is a mix of small farms interspersed among suburban areas
• Plantations are typically located in vast, relatively flat areas near coastal regions
• Plantations are generally laid out in linear patterns for ease of cultivation and harvesting
• Plantations are cultivated areas in the tropics and subtropics
• Plantations have crops such as sugar, tea, coffee, bananas, and oil palm
• Mixed crop/livestock farming takes place around small villages where families live at the edges of the fields
• The agricultural landscape in regions with mixed crop/livestock farming shows a small, tightly clustered village surrounded by fields
• Village homes in mixed crop/livestock are permanent
• The agricultural landscape for paddy rice farming has diked, flooded rice paddies, sometimes situated on terraced hillsides
• Features on the paddy rice landscape include levees that keep unwanted water from entering the paddies, reservoirs, canals, and drainage channels that control the water necessary to grow the rice
• The agricultural landscape for grain farming has vast fields of grain that can cover hundreds of acres such as the grain belt in the U.S. Northern Plains
• The most visible structures in the grain belt are the grain elevators that store grains
• The small family farm in the grain belt has been mostly replaced by suitcase farms
• Suitcase farms are a farm on which no one lives; planting and harvesting are done by hired migratory crews
• Large feedlots in which beef cattle are raised for meat are evidence of livestock fattening
• The landscape for a family dairy farm includes the home, barns, & other outbuildings, fenced pastures/fields for crops, like corn, hay, and small grains
• The most distinctive feature of the dairying landscape is the silo
• A silo is a round or square tower-like structure that stores feed for the livestock
• The agricultural landscapes of extensive agricultural practices are less visible than the landscapes for intensive agricultural practices
• Several small clearings near a village characterize the agricultural landscape of the tropical areas in which shifting cultivation is practiced.
• In nomadic herding basic needs for the family and animals, like tents & pens, are limited & moved from place to place with the herds
• Not all nomadic residences are temporary like herders who practice transhumance who may live in permanent villages during the winter months
• The landscapes of livestock ranching include an open range, permanent dwellings, and small buildings for ranch workers and storage
• Settlement patterns are the ways in which people organize themselves on the land
• The three primary rural settlement patterns: are clustered, dispersed, and linear
• Clustered settlements are tightly bunched farm settlements that have anywhere from a few dozen to several hundred inhabitants
• A farmstead is the center of farm operations, which includes the farmhouse, barns, shed, livestock pens, and family garden
• Clustered settlements are the most common form of agricultural settlement in much of Europe, Latin America, the densely settled farming regions of Asia, & in parts of Africa & the Middle East
• Clustered settlements came to be because historically farmers could better defend themselves against such dangers by grouping in villages
• Clustered settlements promote communal ties which strongly bind the residents of a farm village
• The dispersed/isolated settlement pattern is which families live relatively distant from one another
• Dispersed settlement developed during the European colonization of new farmland in Anglo America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa
• Conditions that foster dispersed settlement include peace and security in the countryside and where water is accessible
• In a linear settlement pattern, buildings are arranged in a line, often along a road or river
• The linear settlement pattern was introduced to North America by French colonists
• Linear settlement patterns can commonly be seen in Canada, more specifically Quebec
• Survey patterns, or land division patterns, are the results of survey methods