Classical Conditioning (learning through association)
Operant Conditioning (learning through consequence)
Social Learning (learning through observation)
Ivan Pavlov - a Russian physiologist who discovered the conditioned reflex
Pavlov‘s dog: A dog that learned to salivate at the sound of a bell
Pavlov's case study discovered the theory classical conditioning
Unconditional stimulus is a thing that can already elicit a response (food)
Unconditioned Response(UCR) a behaviour that is already elicited by a stimulus (salivating).
Neutral Stimulus (NS) a thing which is not associated in the
unconditioned relationship (metronome).
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) A stimulus that has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus, so it now
produces the same result.
Conditioned Response (CR) behaviour elicited by the Conditioned Stimulus (salivation).
Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated by providing something pleasant or rewarding as a consequence.
Extinction when the association between the UCS and the CS no longer occurs after a few trials of separating the two stimuli the learned response is extinguished.
Spontaneous recovery after extinction, the association sometimes recurs for no apparent reason.
Stimulus Generalisation a stimulus similar to the specific one can elicit the conditioned response.
Discrimination (the opposite of Stimulus generalisation) is ability to respond differently to specific stimuli. E.g. a dog that can pick out the smell of a specific drug.
One trial learning happens when learning takes place in
a single pairing of a response and stimulus and is not strengthened over time by repeated exposure to a stimulus.