Piliavin

• What is the bystander effect?

  Inhibition of help due to others
• Pluralistic ignorance occurs when people believe others are acting differently because they misunderstand the situation
• Diffusion of responsibility decreases the likelihood that someone will help in an emergency.
• What event inspired Piliavin to investigate helping behavior in a natural setting?

  Kitty Genovese murder
• Piliavin's study aimed to investigate how the nature of a situation affects helping behavior.
• What research method did Piliavin use in his study?

  Field experiment
• Steps of Piliavin's subway study procedure

  1️⃣ Victim announces distress in critical area

  2️⃣ Victim staggers forward and collapses

  3️⃣ Bystanders help or train moves on

  4️⃣ Researchers record data on helping behavior

  5️⃣ Researchers change platforms and repeat
• What was one of the dependent variables in Piliavin's study?

  Frequency of help
• Piliavin's study used a sample of subway passengers during peak hours.
• In Piliavin's study, researchers acted as models and victims to observe helping behavior.
• Match the victim conditions with their descriptions in Piliavin's study:

  Critical area carry ↔️ Victim collapses in critical area

  Adjacent area ↔️ Victim collapses in nearby area
• In Piliavin's study, which type of victim was helped 100% of the time?

  Cane victim
• Bystanders were more likely to help a drunk victim than a cane victim.

  False
• Men were more likely than women to help a male victim in Piliavin's study.
• What type of bystander behavior did Piliavin observe before helping occurred?

  Bystander effect