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biology paper 1
meiosis
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madihan
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Cards (25)
What process forms gametes in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
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What are gametes also known as?
Sex cells
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How much genetic material do gametes contain?
Half
the genetic material
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What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
Haploid cells
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What happens when two gametes combine?
They form a normal
diploid
cell
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What is the term for cells with two sets of genetic information?
Diploid cells
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What must a cell undergo to make gametes?
Meiosis
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How many different types of chromosomes do humans have?
23
different types
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What do chromosomes contain?
Genetic
information
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How many individual chromosomes does a human cell have?
46
individual chromosomes
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What are maternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes
from
the
mother
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What are paternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes
from
the
father
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What happens to chromosomes during the first step of meiosis?
They replicate to form
X-shaped
chromosomes
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How do chromosomes line up during meiosis?
In pairs along the center of the
cell
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Why is the left-to-right order of chromosomes random?
It varies in each
meiosis
process
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What does the random distribution of chromosomes during meiosis result in?
Genetically
different cells
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What occurs during the second division of meiosis?
Chromosomes
are pulled apart into two arms
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How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Four
cells
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Why are gametes genetically unique?
Due to tiny changes during
meiosis
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What do male gametes develop into?
Sperm cells
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What do female gametes develop into?
Egg
cells
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What happens during fertilization?
A
sperm
and
egg
fuse to form a
diploid cell
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What can a diploid cell do after fertilization?
Divide by
mitosis
to form an
embryo
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What are the main steps of meiosis?
DNA replication
First division:
chromosome
pairs separate
Second division: chromosome arms separate
Result: four genetically unique
gametes
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How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
Random assortment of
chromosomes
Crossing over during
DNA replication
Unique combinations of
maternal
and
paternal
chromosomes
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