Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic

• What type of organisms are bacteria classified as?

  Prokaryotic
• The size of most bacteria ranges from 0.2 µm to 2.0 µm.
• The cell wall surrounds the cell membrane in bacteria.
• Which organelles are absent in bacteria?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• The genetic material in bacteria is a single molecule of DNA found in the cytoplasm.
• What are additional DNA molecules in bacteria called?

  Plasmids
• Steps of binary fission in bacteria

  1️⃣ DNA replicates

  2️⃣ Cell elongates

  3️⃣ Cell divides into two identical daughter cells
• Plasmids in bacteria can confer antibiotic resistance.
• Chromosomal DNA in bacteria determines the cell's characteristics.
• What are examples of eukaryotic cells?

  Animal, plant, and fungal cells
• Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
• Match the outer layers of eukaryotic cells with their characteristics:

  Cell membrane ↔️ Semi-permeable

  Cell wall (in plants) ↔️ Provides rigidity
• Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

  Chloroplast
• The genetic material in eukaryotic cells is DNA found in the nucleus.
• Steps of mitosis in eukaryotic cells

  1️⃣ Prophase

  2️⃣ Metaphase

  3️⃣ Anaphase

  4️⃣ Telophase

  5️⃣ Cytokinesis
• Lysosomes in eukaryotic cells digest waste materials.
• The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that allows substances to move in and out.
• Which bacterial structure enhances the ability to cause disease?

  Capsule
• The flagellum in bacteria is responsible for mobility.
• What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

  No nucleus
• An example of a prokaryotic cell is a bacterium
• In prokaryotic cells, DNA is located in the nucleoid region within the cytoplasm.
• What are the two types of DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

  Chromosomal and plasmids
• Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are responsible for protein synthesis
• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus where chromosomes are contained.
• What defines a unicellular organism?

  Made of a single cell
• The cell membrane allows certain substances to move in and out of the cell
• Match the structure with its function:

  Capsule ↔️ Enhances ability to cause disease

  Fimbrae ↔️ Helps stick to surfaces

  Flagellum ↔️ Provides mobility
• Bacterium lack mitochondria and produce energy through glycolysis or fermentation.
• What is the primary function of a vacuole in a cell?

  Storage
• If a cell lacks mitochondria, it produces energy through glycolysis or fermentation