DNA 1 - Chromosomes, Genome & Migration

• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• What is DNA classified as?

  A polymer made of similar units
• What shape does DNA form?

  A double helix
• How is DNA organized in the nucleus?

  Separated into 46 different sections
• What do we call the tightly coiled sections of DNA?

  Chromosomes
• How many chromosomes does each human cell have?

  46 chromosomes
• How many different types of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 different types
• What do we call the pairs of chromosomes?

  Chromosome pairs
• What are the sex chromosomes in humans?

  X and Y chromosomes
• How many X chromosomes do women have?

  Two X chromosomes
• How many X and Y chromosomes do men have?

  One X and one Y chromosome
• When do chromosomes appear in an X shape?

  Before cell division
• What is a gene?

  A small section of DNA coding for protein
• What does a gene code for?

  A particular sequence of amino acids
• How does DNA influence cell type?

  It determines which proteins are produced
• What protein do red blood cells need to transport oxygen?

  Hemoglobin
• What is a genome?

  The entire set of genetic material
• How does an individual's genome compare to their parents' genomes?

  More similar to parents than strangers
• What can scientists do with the complete human genome?

  Identify genes linked to diseases
• What is an inherited disease?

  A disease caused by inherited genes
• How can genes affect disease risk?

  They may increase the risk of diseases
• What are the relationships between DNA, chromosomes, genes, and genomes?

  • DNA is the genetic material.
  • Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA sections.
  • Genes are segments of DNA coding for proteins.
  • The genome is the complete set of genetic material.
• What are the roles of proteins in different cell types?

  • Red blood cells need hemoglobin for oxygen transport.
  • Muscle cells require proteins for contraction.
  • Different cells produce specific proteins based on DNA.