Biology

• DNA carries the genetic information in all living organism
• ENZYME is a protein molecule that catalyzes biochemical reaction
• RNA is a single stranded type nucleic acids that is mostly involved in protein synthesis.
• Genetic Engineering is an artificial manipulation, modification and recombinant of DNA or other nucleic acid in order to modify an organism or population of organisms.
• the two types genetic engineering are classical breeding and recombinant dna technology
• classical breeding is the practice of mating or breeding selected organisms with desirable traits
• the steps in classical engineering are:

  1. Determine which trait are significant enough to be chosen
  2. Select parents that exemplify these traits
  3. Choose the best offspring from parents to produce the next generation
  4. repeat the process
• recombinant dna technology may involve:

  1. introduction of new traits into an organism
  2. enhancement of a present trait by increasing the expression of the desired gene
  3. enhancement of a present trait by disrupting the inhibition of the desired genes expression
• the steps in creating recombinant dna are:

  1. isolate DNA from 2 sources; gene of interest and plasmid.
  2. cut both DNA by the “restriction enzyme”
  3. combine the DNAs and seal using “DNA ligase”
  4. transfer the recombinant DNA plasmid into the bacterial cell
  5. isolation and insertion to other organisms to confer the desired trait
• the examples of recombinant DNA are spider goat, glow-in-the-dark-cat, transgenic corn, venomous cabbage, and banana vaccine