DEV FINALS

• Developmental Psychology involves the study of forming a new life through genes, environment, and development.
• Temporal lobe helps us interpret smells and sounds and is involved in memory.
• Frontal lobe is involved with a variety of higher order processes.
• Pre-Natal Development and Birth involve the process of conceiving new life through fertilization or conception, a process by which the sperm and ovum, the male and female gametes or sex cells, combine to create a single cell called zygote, which then duplicates itself again and again by cell division to produce all the cells that make up a baby.
• Multiple births can result from two separate eggs being fertilized by two different sperm to form two unique individuals, known as Dizygotic twins or fraternal twins.
• Monzygotic twins or identical twins result from the cleaving of one fertilized egg and are generally genetically identical.
• Genetics is the study of heredity, which is the genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring.
• The genetic code is the sequence of bases within the DNA molecule that governs the formation of proteins that determine the structure and function of living cells.
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a chemical that carries inherited instructions for the development of all cellular forms of life.
• Chromosomes are coils of DNA that consist of genes.
• Genes are small segments of DNA located in definite positions on particular chromosomes.
• The Human Genome is the complete sequence of genes in the body.
• Mutation is a result of a mistake in copying and permanent alterations in genetic material.
• Gestation is the period of development between conception and birth.
• Gestation Age is the age of an unborn baby, usually dated from the first day of an expectant mother’s last menstrual cycle.
• The three stages in prenatal development are Germinal Stage (Fertilization to 2 weeks), Embryonic Stage (2 to 8 weeks), and Fetal Stage (8 weeks to Birth).
• Genotype-environment correlation involves parents who provide the genes that predispose a child towards the trait and provide the environment that encourages the development of the child.
• Fragile X is associated with delayed speech and motor development, speech impairments and hyperactivity.
• XYY is characterized as a "super male", with tall structure, tendency towards low IQ (verbal), and less curve and more edges.
• XXY (Kleinfelter) is associated with small testes, learning disorders, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics.
• Maternal anxiety, stress, and depression can be associated with a more active and irritable temperament in newborns.
• Maternal illnesses can include acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), rubella (german measles), toxoplasmosis, which can cause fetal brain damage.
• Turner Syndrome (XO) is characterized by the absence of menstruation, infertility, underdeveloped sex organs, webbed neck, short stature, and impaired spatial abilities.
• XXX is characterized as a "super female", with normal appearance, menstrual irregularities, learning disorder, and mental retardation.
• Reactive or Evocative Correlation involves a child having the trait, where the parent didn't really have the trait, the environment was created by the parent to support early signs of disposition.
• Vaginal delivery is the usual method of childbirth.
• Active Correlation involves children actively selecting or creating experiences consistent with their genetic tendencies.
• Maternal age can increase the risk of premature delivery, birth defects and chromosomal abnormalities.
• Stages of childbirth include Dilation of Cervix, Descent and Emergence of the Baby, and Expulsion of the Placenta.
• Environmental influences include maternal factors such as teratogens, which are environmental agents that can be a source of risks with normal prenatal development and cause of developmental abnormalities.
• Germinal Stage in prenatal development, characterized by rapid cell division, blastocyst formation, and implantation in the wall of the uterus.
• Embryonic Stage in prenatal development, characterized by rapid growth and development of major body systems and organs.
• Spontaneous abortion is a natural expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that cannot survive the womb, also called miscarriage.
• Fetal Stage in prenatal development, characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and greatly enlarged body size.
• The cerebellum is the part of the brain that maintains balance and motor coordination.
• Small-for-date infants are those whose birth weight is less than 90 percent of babies of the same gestational age, as a result of slow fetal growth.
• The APGAR scale is a standard measurement of a newborn's condition, assessing appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.
• Infant mortality rate is the proportion of babies born alive who die within the first year.
• Still birth is the death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestation.
• The cephalocaudal principle is the principle that development proceeds in a head to tail direction.