Jacksonian Era

• Vice presidents in chronological order


  1. John Adams

  2. Thomas Jefferson

  3. Aaron Burr (Satan) then George Clinton

  4. George Clinton then Elbridge Gerry

  5. Daniel D. Tompkins

  6. John C. Calhoun

  7. John C. Calhoun then Richard M. Johnson
• Presidents in chronological order

  Washington, George. 1789-97.2.

  Adams, John. 1797-1801.3.

  Jefferson, Thomas. 1801-09.4.

  Madison, James. 1809-17.5.

  Monroe, James. 1817-25.6.

  Adams, John Quincy. 1825-29.7.

  Jackson, Andrew. 1829-37.8.

  Van Buren, Martin. 1837-41.
• Andrew Jackson


  7th US President and was a general in the US Army

  inspired the name for the Jacksonian Era
• Corrupt Bargain

  Alleged deal between presidential candidates John

  Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to throw the election, to be decided

  by the House of Representatives, in Adams’ favor. Though never

  proven, the accusation became the rallying cry for supporters of

  Andrew Jackson, who had actually garnered a plurality of the popu-

  lar vote in 1824.

  JOHN QUINCY WINS PERIOD
• Election of 1824

  John Quincy adams defeats Andrew Jackson in supreme court votes, but Andrew Jackson had more votes due to popular and electoral votes
• Election of 1828

  Democrat Andrew Jackson won the election against Republican John Quincy Adams

  • marked the rise of Jacksonian Democracy
  • transitioned the first-party system to a second-party system
  • Second party system - political history between 1828-1854 rising votes and major parties were Democratic = Jackson and Whigs = Clay
• Democratic Jeffy and Andrew Jackson

  • Citizens have a role in making decisions in the government like voting and engaging in civil activities
  • Political equality of rights
  • Rule of law which means that everyone is equal in representation
• Whigs


  Was formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson

  • Strong federal government
  • internal improvements
  • Modernization of the economy
  • Opposition to the expansion of slavery
• Jacksonian Democracy

  Associated with Andrew Jackson and his supporters

  • Voting rights for non-own landing WHITE men (NO WOMAN OR MINORITIES)
  • Manifest Destiny - the belief that it was America's destiny to expand
  • Opposition to Second Bank of the US
  • Removal of Native American tribes
  • Government positions are given to supporters of the winning party rather than looking at their qualifications (Leads to corruption)
  • Including everyone and making things equal
• Mudslinging


  mean comments of insults to damage the reputation of an opponent like saying that Denis is a rat
• Spoils system


  Rewarding political supporters for government positions or jobs employed by Andrew Jackson rather than looking at their qualifications

  people abused the practice

  • helped cement party loyalty in the emerging two-party system
• Peggy Eaton (Petticoat Affair)

  Married to John Eaton who was besties with Jackson

  • Raised a scandal that Peggy "killed her first husband" women who were higher officials' wives that excluded her
  • Jackson did not like that, he addressed it and fixed it by reshaping his cabinet
  • This caused many people to resign that sided with the rumors
• Compromise Tariff of 1833


  Passed as a measure to resolve the nullification crisis, tariffs be lowered over 10 years to 1816 levels.
• Nullification crisis

  South Carolina did not want to pay taxes on things exported to foreign countries anymore so they stopped, but Jackson said they had to follow the rules they settled and agreed they had to pay taxes
• Daniel Webster

  wanted everything to be equal and fair for everybody

  He spoke out his opinion for everyone's rights

  Took many important decisions
• Force Bill (1833)

  Passed by Congress alongside the compromise tariff, authorized the president to use the military to collect federal tariff (tax) duties
• John C. Calhoun

  7th vice president serving Jackson

  • Resigned over the nullification crisis since he was from South Carolina
  • Elected US Senate from South Carolina
  • Continued for states rights, nullification, and preservation of slavery
• South Carolina Exposition

  Was a protest written in December 1828 by John C. Calhoun then vice president under John Quincy Adams and later under Andrew Jackson

  • Declared the tariff unconstitutional and unjust
  • Proposed that states should nullify the tariff
• Tariff of Abominations (1828)


  High duties on imports

  • Southerners opposed the tariffs arguing that it hurt southern farmers
  • Farmers did not enjoy the protection of tariffs, but were forced to pay higher prices for manufacturers
• Anti-Masonic Party (Est. 1826)


  Founded in NY gained influence in New England and the mid-atlantic during the 1832 election, fighting against the politically influential Masonic order, a secret society. Anti-masons opposed Andrew Jackson, a Mason, and drew much of their support from evangelical protestants
• Bank War (1832)

  Battle between President Andrew Jackson and congressional supporters of the Bank of the US over the banks renewal in 1832. Jackson rejected the Bank Bill, arguing that the bank favored moneyed interests at the expense of western farmers
• Martin Van Buren

  8th President, lawyer, diplomat, and statesmen

  • Proposed Divorce bill which pulled treasury funds out of the bank altogether contracting the credit supply
  • Founders of the Democratic party
  • Appointed secretary by president Andrew Jackson
• Pet Banks


  Terms for pro-Jackson state banks that received the bulk of federal deposits when Andrew Jackson moved to dismantle the Bank of the US
• Panic of 1837


  Crisis triggered by bank failures, elevated grain prices, transportation improvements, to reduce over speculation on western lands

  • In response, President Martin Van Buren proposed the Divorce Bill which pulled treasury funds out of the banking system altogether, contracting the credit supply
• Specie Circular (1836)


  US treasury legal statement requiring that all public land be purchased with hard or metallic currency, issued after small state banks flooded the market with unreliable paper currency, fueling land speculation in the West
• Black Hawk War (1832)


  Series of clashes in Illinois and Wisconsin between American forces and Indian chief Black Hawk of the SAuk and Fox tribes, who unsuccessfully tried to reclaim territory lost under the 1830 indian removal act
• Black Hawk

  War chief and leader of the Sauk tribe in the midwest of the USA

  • Earned his credentials by leading raids and war parties in his youth
  • US forces killed them all of the, only a few survived to share their story
• Five civilized Tribes


  Refer to the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole nations

  Developed extensive economic ties with whites or had brought into American settler culture

  Adopted european clothing, spoke english, practiced christianity, and even owned slaves
• Indian Removal Act (1830)


  Ordered the removal of Indian tribes still residing east of the Mississippi to the newly established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri. Tribes resisted eviction were forcibly removed by American Forces, often after lengthy legal or military battles
• Osceola

  Born in Alabama became leader of the Seminole people in Florida

  • Led members of his tribe in Florida to attempt to resist the US army efforts to deport them to a reservation west of the Mississippi river
• Trail of tears (1838-39)


  Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the difficult journey
• Worcester v. Georgia

  Series of cases in which the court invalidated Georgia laws that regulated US citizens access to Cherokee country

  Held that states did not have a right to impose regulations on Native American land
• Annexation

  Taking over someones land or property or controlling it
• Antonio Santa Anna

  Mexican soldier, army officer, and statesman

  8th president of mexico and vice president of Mexico
• Independent Treasury 


  Managing the money supply of the US treasury, national bank, and financial systems
• Divorce Bill

  Pulled treasury funds out of the Banking system altogether, contracting the credit supply
• William Henry Harrison 


  9th president and the shortest of them all, first to die in office

  • Defeated the shawnee chief and the prophet
  • Army general
• Robert Hayne


  Governor of South Carolina

  American politician

  And Mayor of Charlestown
• Over speculation

  when many people buy or sell land, thinking its price will go way up. This can make land prices too high. If everyone sells at once, prices can suddenly drop, causing problems for those who buy at high prices.

  To prevent issues, governments have rules about how land can be used. These rules help keep land prices stable and stop too much speculation.
• What regions provided Jackson with the most support?

  • Middle regions
  • West
  • South
  • Fought for farmers, he was known as the man of the common people