mt 1-2

• Plethora – Disease due to overabundance of blood
• Venesection – procedure which involves removing a pint (half a liter) of blood from a vein in the arm
• 100 BC - Bloodletting was first practiced by Egyptians
• Bloodletting – withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease
• Medieval Era - Bloodletting became popular and spread . Egypt to Greece to Roman to Europe
• 16th Century- Surgery more sophisticated. Job went back to Physicians
• 18th Century- Physicians performed blood skin letting.Uses cupping method (blistering)
• Hemochromatosis - Too much iron. Bleed the patients
• Polyhymnia- Too much blood . Genetic Disorder
• Nosocomial Infection – applied to patient infections acquired in hospitals
• Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) – applies to infections acquired during healthcare delivery in all healthcare settings, including home care
• Clostridium difficile – most common healthcare- associated pathogen, which is an intestinal bacterium that multiplies when patients are treated w antibiotics
• Carbapenems – the “last resort” for treating bacterial infections such as E. coli
• Infectious Agent- Any disease-causing Microorganism (pathogen)
• Reservoir - Where a microorganism normally lives and reproduces
• Portal of Exit - Route of escape of the pathogen from the reservoir
• • Route of Transmission - Way the pathogen gets from the reservoir to the new host
• • The Portal of Entry - Route through which the pathogen enters its new host
• • The Susceptible Host - Person who can get sick when they are exposed to a disease-causing pathogen
• Direct Contact - Skin to skin contact, kissing and sexualintercourse
• Droplet Spread - Refers to spray with relatively large, short- range aerosols (short distance)
• Airborne Transmission - Infectious agents are carried by dust ordroplets nuclei suspended in air
• Vectors - Mosquitos, Fleas or Ticks
• Mechanical Vector – mosquito/fleaonly transports the pathogen
• Biological Vector – the mosquito/flea does not only transfer the pathogen but it also plays a role in the life cycle or maturation of the pathogen inside the mosquito/flea
• Indirect Contact Transmission - When a susceptible host touchescontaminated objects. Bed linens, patient clothing, utensils
• • Physical hazard - Slippery floors, object in walkways, unsafe ormisused machinery, excessive noise, poorlighting, fire
• • Chemical hazard - Gases, dusts, fumes, vapors and liquids
• • Ergonomic hazard - Poor design of equipment, workstation design,(postural) or workflow, manual handling,repetitive movemen
• • Radiation hazard - Microwaves, Infra-red, UV, lasers, X-rays andgamma rays
• • Psychological hazard - Shiftwork, workload, dealing with the public,harassment, discrimination, treat of danger,constant low-level noise, stress
• Biological hazard - Infection by bacteria, virus, fungi or parasitesthrough a cut, insect bite, or contact infectedpersons or contaminated object.
• Asepsis – condition of being free of contamination or germs that could cause disease
• Asepsis technique – healthcare practice used to reduce the chance of microbial contamination
• Fuel - combustible material
• Heat – to raise the temperature of the material untilit ignites or catches fire
• Oxygen – to maintain combustion/burning
• Chemical Reaction – produces fire which actuallycreates the fire tetrahedron
• Acute or General Care Hospitals:Accept a wide range of patients with acute illnesses or injuries.Provide emergency care, surgeries, and medical interventions.
• Specialty Care Hospitals:Focus on specific medical specialties such as cardiac care, orthopedics, or neurology.