L19 - Digestive tract and accessory organs

Cards (131)

  • What is the primary function of the mouth in digestion?
    Location for ingestion
  • How do the lips and cheeks assist in chewing?
    They keep food between teeth
  • What forms the roof of the mouth?
    Palate
  • What is the role of the bony hard palate?
    Aids in manipulation of food
  • What are the functions of the tongue?
    Reposition food, mix with saliva, initiate swallowing, aid in speech
  • What do papillae on the tongue surface house?
    Taste buds
  • What are the two types of cells in salivary glands?
    Serous cells and mucous cells
  • What do serous cells produce?
    A watery secretion
  • What happens to the soft palate during swallowing?
    It rises to close the nasopharynx
  • What do mucous cells produce?
    Mucus
  • What is saliva primarily composed of?
    Mostly water
  • What enzymes are found in saliva?
    Salivary amylase and lingual lipase
  • What is the function of lysozyme in saliva?
    Antibacterial action
  • What type of waste is found in saliva?
    Small amount of metabolic waste
  • Where is the opening of the parotid duct located?
    Near the second maxillary molar
  • What is the primary function of teeth?
    Tear and grind food
  • What is mastication?
    Chewing food
  • How many primary teeth do humans have?
    20 teeth
  • What is permanent dentition?
    32 teeth including premolars and molars
  • How are teeth classified?
    By their shapes and functions
  • What are incisors used for?
    Cutting
  • What is the function of canines?
    Tear or pierce
  • What are premolars and molars used for?
    Grinding
  • What do the oropharynx and laryngopharynx provide?
    A common passageway for food, fluids, and air
  • How does food move into the esophagus?
    Muscular contraction propels food
  • What does the esophagus connect?
    Pharynx to the stomach
  • What is the function of the gastroesophageal sphincter?
    Keeps the esophagus closed when not swallowing
  • What is deglutition?
    Swallowing
  • What are the two phases of swallowing?
    Buccal phase and pharyngeal-esophageal phase
  • What occurs during the buccal phase?
    Bolus is forced into the oropharynx by tongue
  • What happens during the pharyngeal-esophageal phase?
    Food is squeezed through pharynx into esophagus
  • What controls the pharyngeal-esophageal phase?
    Swallowing center of medulla and pons
  • What are the main regions of the stomach?
    Pyloric antrum, cardia, body, fundus
  • What is the function of the stomach?
    Churns food and begins protein digestion
  • What are rugae in the stomach?
    Folds in the stomach wall
  • What is the volume of an empty stomach?
    ~50 ml
  • What is the full capacity of the stomach?
    4 L
  • What type of epithelium is found in the stomach's surface mucosa?
    Simple columnar epithelium
  • What do surface mucous cells produce?
    A protective coat of alkaline mucus
  • What do gastric pits extend to?
    Gastric glands