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Physiology
L19 - Digestive tract and accessory organs
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Created by
Mackenzie Enns
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Cards (131)
What is the primary function of the mouth in digestion?
Location for
ingestion
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How do the lips and cheeks assist in chewing?
They
keep
food
between
teeth
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What forms the roof of the mouth?
Palate
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What is the role of the bony hard palate?
Aids
in
manipulation
of
food
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What are the functions of the tongue?
Reposition food, mix with
saliva
, initiate
swallowing
, aid in speech
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What do papillae on the tongue surface house?
Taste buds
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What are the two types of cells in salivary glands?
Serous cells
and
mucous cells
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What do serous cells produce?
A
watery secretion
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What happens to the soft palate during swallowing?
It rises to close the
nasopharynx
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What do mucous cells produce?
Mucus
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What is saliva primarily composed of?
Mostly
water
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What enzymes are found in saliva?
Salivary amylase
and
lingual lipase
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What is the function of lysozyme in saliva?
Antibacterial
action
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What type of waste is found in saliva?
Small amount of
metabolic
waste
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Where is the opening of the parotid duct located?
Near the
second
maxillary
molar
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What is the primary function of teeth?
Tear and
grind
food
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What is mastication?
Chewing
food
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How many primary teeth do humans have?
20
teeth
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What is permanent dentition?
32
teeth including premolars and molars
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How are teeth classified?
By their
shapes
and
functions
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What are incisors used for?
Cutting
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What is the function of canines?
Tear
or
pierce
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What are premolars and molars used for?
Grinding
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What do the oropharynx and laryngopharynx provide?
A
common
passageway for
food
,
fluids
, and
air
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How does food move into the esophagus?
Muscular contraction
propels food
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What does the esophagus connect?
Pharynx
to the
stomach
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What is the function of the gastroesophageal sphincter?
Keeps the
esophagus
closed when not swallowing
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What is deglutition?
Swallowing
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What are the two phases of swallowing?
Buccal
phase and
pharyngeal-esophageal
phase
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What occurs during the buccal phase?
Bolus is forced into the
oropharynx
by tongue
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What happens during the pharyngeal-esophageal phase?
Food is squeezed through
pharynx
into
esophagus
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What controls the pharyngeal-esophageal phase?
Swallowing center of
medulla
and
pons
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What are the main regions of the stomach?
Pyloric antrum
,
cardia
, body,
fundus
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What is the function of the stomach?
Churns food and begins
protein
digestion
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What are rugae in the stomach?
Folds in the
stomach wall
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What is the volume of an empty stomach?
~
50 ml
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What is the full capacity of the stomach?
4 L
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What type of epithelium is found in the stomach's surface mucosa?
Simple columnar epithelium
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What do surface mucous cells produce?
A protective coat of
alkaline
mucus
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What do gastric pits extend to?
Gastric glands
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