DRILLING

• 1.Speed control - this part adjusts the speed of the rotation of the spindle which also dictates the speed of the cutting tool.
• Switch - this part cuts or provides a continuous flow of electricity from the source to the motor which allows the machine to run or stop.
• Depth Stop - this part of the drill press is used to guide the operator in feeding the cutting tool during drilling
•  Quill lock - this prevents the quill from moving thus limits the longitudinal movement of the cutting tool 
• Chuck - this part firmly holds the cutting tool to prevent unnecessary movement which may cause damage or incorrect dimensions during the drilling process .
• Table - the table is where the vise is mounted. It supports and hold the workpiece so that the cutting process would be precise.
• Safety guard - knowing that there is a train of moving parts inside the gearbox of the drill press, there should be a protective covering put on it so that dust, metal debris and other foreign material will not be caught in it while its moving.
• Motor - the motor converts electrical energy to kinetic energy. It is the primary mover of the drill press, it rotates the spindle which holds the chuck and the cutting tool.
• Head support - the head support ensures that all the parts on the upper part of the machine are securely fastened and will not be dismantled even if it is subjected through continuous stress because of the drilling processes. 
•  Column - this is the backbone of the drilling machine. It holds all the different parts of the machine and ensures its vertical alignment.
• Pilot feed lever - this is a manually operated part of the machine which can bring the cutting tool down to feed on the metal. It is commonly has a spring retract mechanism wherein if you suddenly loosen your grip on the pilot feed lever, the cutting tool will spring upward and away from the workpiece. 
• Table locking clamp - this part secures the position of the table. 
• Base - this part ensures that the whole machine is standing upright and is stable even during the drilling process
• Drilling operation

  • This is the most common operation done with drilling machine. It is applied when a circular hole of any size is needed in a workpiece. Although one can use lathe machine for drilling.
• Tapping

  • This drilling machine operation is by creating tapped (threaded) hole on a workpiece. It is achieved by producing a non-tapped hole on the material, using a specified size drill bit. A tapping attachment will then be used to create the threading using a standard drilling machine.
  • This tapping attachment is held in the spindle of the drill press, which is accurately centers on the drilled hole.
• Boring

  • Boring is done to enlarge the diameter of an existing hole of a part. The tool use in this operation is generally a single-point cutting tool.
• Counter boring

  • Counter boring is when another drill bit of larger size than the first will be used to open a wider hole. It is said to be used of counterbore when the operation is done on drilling machine.  The small diameter on the end of the tool is known as pilot keeps the counterbore concentric with the original hole. This pilot is interchangeable with others different sizes to fit the various sizes of holes.
• Counter sinking

  • Drilling machine performs this operation to produce an angular surface at the end of a hole. It is made of different angles and diameters sizes. The angle size depends on the countersinking purposes. Countersink for a flathead screws requires an 82 included angle, keeping the center hole at angle 60. Different rivet head types included angles from 90 to 145-degree
• Spot Facing

  • Spot facing is done in order to create space for bolt head, washer or nut. It is usually performed on casting, machining a flat or circular surface around the work piece. However, counterbore may be used for the operation.
• • Black Oxide - The most economical coating. Black oxide adds corrosion protection, increases tempering and stress relieving of the bit, reduces galling and chip welding, and aids in retaining drilling lubricants. Black oxide is suitable for drilling iron and steel but is not recommended for drilling aluminum, magnesium, or similar materials.
• • Bronze Oxide - Bronze oxide increases tempering and stress relieving of the bit and is generally used alone to visually identify cobalt steel or with black oxide to identify better grades of high speed steel.
• Titanium Nitride (TiN) - A more expensive coating that increases the hardness of the bit and provides a thermal barrier resulting in increased production rates and longer tool life in harder materials. TiN also provides the same benefits as black and bronze oxide. TiN coated bits are suitable for drilling iron and steel as well as aluminum, magnesium, etc.
• FLAT DRILL

  • This type of drill is generally made by beating slender sticks of high carbon steel. Their cutting edge is ground and then hardened and tempered. It can be made easily in any shape or size. These are made in different sizes after forging them. These drills are very cheap.
  • It is not used for boring holes in iron. It is usually used for boring holes in carpentry work and soft metals. The cutting point is kept at a 90° angle. On those solid metals where other drills get broken, this drill can be used after properly hardening and temping.
•  Straight Fluted Drill

  • A straight fluted drill consists of grooves or flutes running parallel to the drill axis. A straight fluted drill can be thought of as a cutting tool with zero rakes. This type of drill is not available in standard practice as the chips do not automatically pop out of the hole.
  • They are essentially used in drilling brass, copper, or other softer materials. In drilling brass, the twist moves faster than the rate of the drill feed, and the drill digs into the metal. There is no such difficulty in using a straight fluted drill.
•  Twist Drill Bit

  • twist and thick drills are used for boring holes quickly, clean, and of accurate size. These are usually made of high-speed steel and thin rods of alloy steel. 
  • Then cutting edge is made on the bottom end and a twisted groove is cut on its body from top to bottom which is known as a flute. Because of the twisted flute, it is called a twist drill. It contains the main parts such as tang, shank, body, point, and neck
• Double Fluted Drill

  • This type of drill is best and stronger. Two flutes opposite to each other are cut in this drill. It is used almost in all types of work.

  5. Multi-fluted drill

  • For certain special jobs, this drill is used. There are more than two flutes in this drill. Its distinguishing feature is that because of its bigger cutting edge, the hole is bored quickly and it is clean.
• Centre Drill

  • It is also known as a combination drill. On both its ends a cutting point is made and its middle portion is plaint. Drilling and countersinking can be performed simultaneously with this drill. It is used for fastening the lengthy job from center to center on the lathe machines and also to do center drill in a rod. 
• Counter Sinking Drill

  • Countersinking is done by drilling holes in the places where counter head screws are to be installed. In this way, the head job of the screw fits well.
  • This is a multi-fluted drill in which four flutes are cut. Its cutting point is grinded at 60° or 82°. In the figure, this type of drill and a screw fitted in a hole bored by it has been shown.
• When Allen screws are fitted, counterboring is done with a special drill.
• These types of screws are also fitted like the counter screw on the surface of the job.
• The drill used for counterboring is also called a counterboring cutter.
• A pilot is built on the lower side of the counterboring cutter, which sets in the hole and helps in straight counterboring.
• Counter Boring Drill

  When Allen screws are fitted counterboring is done with this drill. These types of screws are also fitted like the counter screw on the surface of the job. It is used to enlarge a hole. Boring in a hole is done from the upper side up to the height of the screw head.
• Oil Hole or Tube Drill

  • There is a need for coolant or lubricant at the time of boring hole with a drill which ensures that the drill point does not lose its capacity to cut after becoming hot.
  • Apart from ordinary drills, there are other drills in which a hole is made from shank to cutting point for providing lubricant up to the cutting point.
• Spirec Drill

  • These are very delicate drills. These are used for boring very minute holes in the spray pump nozzle, store nipple, etc. Their size ranges from 0.0086″ to 0.0984″. These are available in numbers.
• Step Drill

  If you want to drill holes on sheet metal, you’ll need a step drill. Its appearance looks like a descending ladder. However, their working process costs a bit more than other drill bits, so if you work with sheet metal regularly, this is what you need.
• Installer Bit

  • These types of drill bits are special twist drill bits used to drill holes for installing wires for security systems and for entertainment purposes. These drill bits look like auger bits, they are up to 18 inches long. You can use them to drill through plaster, wood, and some masonry.
• Masonry Bit

  • These drill bits are used where brick, stone, and concrete work is going on. As hard as these bits are, you need to replace them almost regularly as they wear out.
  • If you want to drill into the concrete for a long time, it causes the tip to be melt. You can reduce that problem by periodically changing the drill out of the concrete.
• Rivet Drill

  • Unless you’ve got a job in professional construction, you probably can’t use these rivet bits. These types of drill bits are specifically designed to drill tiny rivets into pieces of thin sheet metal.
• Auger Bit

  • If you want to drill a hole on thick and dry wood, you can make it using an auger drill bit. It makes a hole in the woods very easily, so you don’t have to apply as much pressure. These have a screw tip that causes the hole and helps to pull out the bit, creating a clean hole.