Structure of adenosine triphosphate

• What are the main components of ATP?

  • Adenosine: adenine base + ribose sugar
  • Triphosphate: three phosphate groups
• What are the names of the three phosphate groups in ATP?

  • Alpha phosphate: bonded to ribose
  • Beta phosphate: in the middle
  • Gamma phosphate: at the end
• How does ribose differ from deoxyribose?

  Deoxyribose lacks a hydroxyl group at 2'
• What type of sugar is ribose?

  Pentose sugar
• Which phosphate groups can be split off to release energy from ATP?

  The beta or gamma phosphate group
• What is formed when ATP undergoes hydrolysis?

  ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
• What does the extra -OH group in ribose do?

  Helps form stable bonds with other molecules
• What is the process called when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?

  Hydrolysis
• What happens when cells need energy from ATP?

  They break a high-energy bond in ATP
• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine triphosphate
• What are the components of adenine's structure?

  • 4 nitrogen atoms (N)
  • 5 double bonds
  • 3 amino groups (-NH2)
• What happens when the high-energy bonds in ATP are broken?

  Energy is released for cellular activities
• What is the chemical formula for phosphate groups in ATP?

  PO$_{4}^{3 - }$
• What type of base is adenine?

  Nitrogenous base
• What happens when a phosphate group breaks off ATP?

  It forms ADP and releases energy
• What is the structure of adenine composed of?

  Double-ring structure of carbon and nitrogen