biology

• what is diffusion

  the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
• definition of active transport


  the process of substances being absorbed from a lower concentration to a higher concentration
• definition of osmosis

  the movement of molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution
• function of a ribosome

  they perform protein synthesis
• what is the equation for photosynthesis?

  carbon dioxide + water= glucose + oxygen

  6Co2+6H2O= C6H12O6+ 6O2
• What are microorganisms that cause disease called?

  Pathogens
• What do bacteria produce that damage our tissues and make us feel ill?

  Toxins/poisons
• Which viral disease causes fever and a red skin rash?

  Measles
• Where do viruses reproduce?

  Inside cells
• How is measles virus spread?

  Inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs
• How is HIV infection controlled by antiretroviral drugs?

  They inhibit the replication of the virus
• What is a group of cells with a similar structure and function called?

  Tissue
• What are aggregations of tissues performing specific functions called?

  Organs
• Which model is used to explain enzyme activity?

  Lock & key
• Where is amylase produced?

  Salivary glands & pancreas
• Where is lipase produced?

  Pancreas & small intestine
• Where is protease produced?

  Stomach, pancreas & small intestine
• What does amylase do?

  Break down starch into sugars/glucose
• What does protease do?

  Break down proteins into amino acids
• What do lipids do?

  Break down lipids into fatty acids & glycerol
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in liver, stored in gallbladder
• What are the 2 functions of bile?

  Neutralise stomach acid and emulsifies fats
• What is used to test for sugars?

  Benedict's test
• What is used to test for starch?

  Iodine
• What is used to test for protein?

  Biuret reagent
• Why is the heart described as a double pump?

  Right side pumps to the lungs, left side pumps to the body
• Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart?

  Vena cava
• Which blood vessel transports blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen?

  Pulmonary artery
• Which blood vessel transports blood from the lungs to the heart?

  Pulmonary vein
• Which blood vessel transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

  Aorta
• Where does gas exchange take place in animals?

  Alveoli
• What is the natural resting heart rate controlled by?

  Pacemaker cells in right atrium
• Which device can correct irregularities in the heart rate?

  Artificial pacemaker
• What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

  Capillaries, veins, arteries
• Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

  Capillaries
• Which blood vessels contain valves?

  Veins
• Which blood vessels have the narrowest lumen?

  Arteries
• Which blood vessels mainly carry deoxygenated blood?

  Veins
• Which blood vessels mainly carry oxygenated blood?

  Arteries
• What 4 main substances does blood consist of?

  Plasma, platelets, WBC, RBC