Keywords

• chemical energy - energy stored in bonds within molecules which can be released when a chemical change takes place
• thermal energy - energy due to the vibrations of particles within a substance
• kinetic energy - energy stored in a moving object
• gravitational potential energy - energy stored in an object raised above the ground
• elastic potential energy - energy stored in an object that has been stretched or squashed
• electrostatic energy - energy stored between charges
• nucear energy - the energy stored within the nucleus of an atom
• magnetic energy - the energy stored between magnetic poles
• conservation of energy - law which states that energy cannot be created or desroyed
• dissipation - loss of energy to non-useful stores
• cinduction - transfer of energy through a solid through the vibration of particles or flow of electrons
• convection - transfer of thermal energy through the movement of particles in a fluid due to change in density
• insulation - use of materials that are poor thermal conductors to reduce thermal energy transfer
• radiation - transfer of energy through infra-red waves
• wave - transfer of energy through vibrations without the transfer of matter
• electromagnetic spectrum - a group of transverse waves which include infra-red and visible light waves
• transverse - vibrations which are at right-angles to the direction of wave travel
• medium - a substance which carries a wave
• normal - a line drawn at right angles to a boundary between two mediums
• incident ray - the ray of light approaching a boundary between two mediums
• reflected ray - the ray of light reflected at a boundary between two mediums
• refracted ray - the ray of light transmitted across the boundary between two mediums
• amplitude - the distance between the middle and crest or trough of a wave
• wavelength - the distance between identical points on a wave
• frequency - the number of complete waves passing a point each second
• decibel - a unit of measuring the loudness of a sound
• hertz - the unit of measuring the frequency of a wave (equivalent to one wave per second)
• longitudinal - vibrations which are parallel to the direction of wave travel
• compression - a region of high pressure in a longitudinal wave
• rarefaction - a region of low pressure in a longitudinal wave
• thermograph - a photo that has been colour-coded to show how much thermal radiation is being emitted
• emit - give off / give out / release
• absorb - take in
• laterally inverted - turned around / flipped (images)
• refraction - refraction is an affect that occurs when waves travel into different substances
• transparent - something that you can see straight through is called transparent
• translucent - when you can see through something but the image you see isn't pure, for example frosted windows are translucent