comparison of approaches
Cards (36)
- Free Will vs DeterminismPsychodynamicPsychic determinismBehaviour is determined by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences
- Free Will vs DeterminismBehaviouristEnvironmental determinismBehaviour is controlled by stimulus-response conditioning
- Free Will vs DeterminismHumanisticFree-willHumans have control of their own environment and are capable of change
- Free Will vs DeterminismCognitiveDeterminism (soft)Behaviour is controlled by internal proccesses however, humans can choose what information they attend to.
- Free Will vs DeterminismBiologicalBiological determinismBehaviour is controlled by internal biological factors (genes, hormones, etc)
- Nature vs NurturePsychodynamicMostly NatureBehaviour is the product of innate drives but shaped by early childhood experiences
- Nature vs NurtureBehaviouristNurtureHumans are born as a blank slate (tabula rasa) and behaviour is learned
- Nature vs NurtureHumanisticMostly nurtureBehaviour is shaped by the environment as humans strive to achieve self-actualisation
- Nature vs NurtureCognitiveNature & NurtureBehaviour is the product of information processing and modified by experience
- Nature vs NurtureSocial Learning TheoryNurtureBehaviour is learnt via classical and operant conditioning
- Nature vs NurtureBiologicalNatureBehaviour is the result of innate biological factors
- Reductionism vs HolismPsychodynamicBothBehaviour is reduced to innate drives whilst taking account of multiple aspects of human behaviour
- Reductionism vs HolismBehaviouristEnvironmental reductionismBehaviour is broken down into simple stimulus-response associations
- Reductionism vs HolismHumanisticHolismFocuses on understanding all aspects of human experience
- Reductionism vs HolismCognitiveEnvironmental reductionismBehaviour is investigated in terms of isolated variables (such as STM and LTM)
- Reductionism vs HolismSocial Learning TheoryShares elements from the behaviourist and cognitive approach
- Reductionism vs HolismBiologicalBiological reductionismBehaviour is broken down into biological structures and processes
- Idiographic vs NomotheticPsychodynamicBothAttempts to establish general laws in relation to innate drives, while considering unique experiences during childhood
- Idiographic vs NomotheticBehaviouristNomotheticCreates universal laws, as behaviour is a result of stimulus-response associations
- Idiographic vs NomotheticHumanisticIdiographicFocuses on the subjective human experience and makes no attempt to create general laws
- Idiographic vs NomotheticCognitiveNomotheticAttempts to establish general laws of cognitive processing but utilises an idiographic approach with case studies
- Idiographic vs NomotheticSocial Learning TheoryNomotheticAttempts to establish general laws of behaviour (such as vicarious reinforcement)
- Idiographic vs NomotheticBiologicalNomotheticCreates universal laws using human physiological explanations
- ScientificPsychodynamicNot scientificExamines many concepts and theories which cannot be empirically tested. Relies on subjective interpretation.
- ScientificBehaviouristScientificThe behavioural approach utilises scientific method of investigation and embraces animal research and laboratory studies.
- ScientificHumanisticNot scientificRejects the scientific method and is therefore unable to provide empirical evidence.
- ScientificCognitiveMostly scientificHowever, researchers are unable to directly observe cognitive processes
- ScientificSocial Learning TheoryMostly scientificBut takes account of mediational processes
- ScientificBiologicalScientificThe biological approach promotes the empirical scientific method of investigation
- Tests on humans/animalsPsychodynamicTest on humansLittle Hans
- Tests on humans/animalsBehaviouristTests on animalsSkinner’s rats and Pavlov’s dogs – assumes animal and human learning is the same
- Tests on humans/animalsHumanisticDoesn’t conduct scientific testing
- Tests on humans/animalsCognitiveTest on humansBugelski and Alampay (1962)
- Tests on humans/animalsSocial Learning TheoryTest on humansBandura
- Tests on humans/animalsBiologicalTests on humans and animalsAssumes different species of animal can be studied and compared. This can help in the search to understand human behaviour
- free will vs determinismsocial learning theorysoft determinism- behaviour is controlled by environmental forces, however people have choice over what they do via mediational processes