variables

• What is an independent variable?

  The variable manipulated by the researcher.
• What is a dependent variable?

  The variable measured by the researcher.
• What is operationalisation?


  Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured.
• What are extraneous variables?

  Variables other than the independent variable that may affect the results.
• What are confounding variables?

  Unmeasured third variables related to both the independent and dependent variables.
• What are demand characteristics?

  Extraneous variables where participants change their behavior due to figuring out the aim of the study.
• What are investigator effects?

  Extraneous variables where the researcher unintentionally influences the outcome of the research.