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A-level Psychology
Research Methods
Experimental design
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Cards (17)
What are the three types of experimental designs?
Repeated measures
,
independent groups
,
matched pairs
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What is an independent groups design?
Participants take part in one
condition
of the
IV
Different
participants
are used in each condition
Example
: One group chews while learning, another does not
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What is a key advantage of independent groups design regarding order effects?
There are no order effects influencing
results
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How does independent groups design reduce demand characteristics?
Participants
are unlikely to guess the aim
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What is a disadvantage of independent groups design related to participant numbers?
Double the amount
of participants is needed
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How can individual differences affect independent groups design?
They may act as a
confounding variable
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What is a repeated measures design?
All
participants
undergo one
condition
, then the other
Conditions may be immediate or at a
later
date
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What is an advantage of repeated measures design regarding unbalanced groups?
It eliminates unbalanced groups by
self-comparison
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How does repeated measures design affect the number of participants needed?
Less participants are needed compared to
independent groups
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What is a disadvantage of repeated measures design related to order effects?
Results may be influenced by
practice
or
boredom
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How do demand characteristics affect repeated measures design?
Participants
are more likely to guess the study's aim
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What is a matched pairs design?
Participants are tested for
key variables
before the study
Similar participants are paired up
One from each pair experiences a
different condition
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What is an advantage of matched pairs design regarding unbalanced groups?
It attempts to eliminate
unbalanced
groups
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How does matched pairs design reduce demand characteristics?
Participants
only take part in one
condition
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What is a disadvantage of matched pairs design regarding participant numbers?
At least double the amount of
participants
is needed
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Why can matched pairs design be time-consuming and difficult to achieve?
Participants
can never be matched exactly
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What is a potential cost issue with matched pairs design?
Matching may be
time-consuming
and expensive
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