Ethics

• What must researchers obtain from participants (Ps) before a study?

  Informed consent
• Why is informed consent important in research?

  Participants must fully understand what they agree to
• Who must give consent for children participating in research?

  Parents
• What should be done for adults with impairments regarding consent?

  Consent should be obtained from a knowledgeable person
• What does a lack of informed consent indicate?


  Participants were not adequately informed about the study
• What should researchers avoid whenever possible?

  Deception
• When should participants be informed of the study's purpose?

  As soon as possible
• What conditions must be met if deception is essential in research?

  Debriefing must occur and consult colleagues
• What does the right to withdraw mean for participants?

  Participants can leave the study at any time
• Does payment affect a participant's right to withdraw?

  No, it does not
• What does a lack of right to withdraw imply for participants?

  Participants may feel compelled to continue
• What should remain confidential in research?

  Participants' results and personal information
• What does a lack of confidentiality mean?

  Participants' personal data is exposed publicly
• What should researchers do if unexpected harm occurs?

  Attempt to rectify it, like offering advice
• What must researchers protect participants from?

  Physical and psychological harm
• What is a potential issue with observations in research?

  They may intrude on people's privacy
• What is an ethical issue in research?

  Potential for participants to be harmed
• What is the role of the BPS in research ethics?

  Encourage adherence to ethical guidelines
• What does BPS stand for?

  British Psychological Society
• What is debriefing used for in research?

  To address deception or psychological harm
• What should participants be informed about during debriefing?

  The nature and aim of the research
• What should be offered to participants exposed to harm during debriefing?

  Counseling and a chance to discuss issues
• What is role play used for in research?

  To overcome ethical issues
• What is presumptive consent?

  Asking similar public members about participation
• What does prior general consent involve?

  Informing participants about ethical issues beforehand
• What is retrospective consent?

  Asking participants for consent after the study
• What should researchers follow according to ethical guidelines?

  BPS or APA guidelines
• What is the role of ethical committees in research?

  Check ethical issues and conduct cost-benefit analysis
• How do researchers deal with confidentiality issues?

  Using numbers, initials, or pseudonyms
• What are the main ethical guidelines researchers must follow?

  • Informed consent
  • Avoiding deception
  • Right to withdraw
  • Confidentiality
  • Protection from harm
  • Privacy
• What are the methods to deal with ethical issues in research?

  • Debriefing participants
  • Role play to simulate situations
  • Using presumptive, prior general, or retrospective consent
  • Following ethical guidelines from BPS or APA
  • Consulting ethical committees