Validity

• What does validity refer to in measurement methods?

  Whether it measures what it is supposed to measure
• What is internal validity concerned with?

  Measuring what we set out to measure
• What does face validity involve?

  Examining if a test looks like it measures what it should
• How can concurrent validity be assessed?

  By comparing a new test with an established one
• What does predictive validity refer to?

  Whether a test predicts future performance
• What does external validity refer to?

  Generalizing findings beyond the study setting
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizing findings to real-world settings
• What does population validity assess?

  Generalizing findings to other populations
• How can face validity be assessed?

  By reviewing the test with an expert
• What indicates high concurrent validity?

  A high positive correlation between two tests
• How can validity be improved in experiments?

  By using a control group and standardised procedures
• What is the purpose of a control group in experiments?

  To assess changes in the dependent variable
• What do single blind and double blind procedures reduce?

  Demand characteristics and investigator effects
• How can validity be increased in questionnaires?

  By introducing a lie scale for consistency
• What is the effect of anonymity on questionnaire validity?

  It can increase the validity of responses
• How can observations be made more valid?

  By changing overt observations to covert ones
• What should be done if observation categories are vague?

  They need to be more clearly operationalised