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Biology
Immune system
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Vaccinations
Gcse > Biology > Immune system
19 cards
Cards (44)
What is the main function of the human body's defense system?
To protect against
pathogens
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What are the two main components of the body's defense system?
Physical and chemical barriers
Immune system
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What acts as a physical barrier to pathogens?
Skin
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How does skin help protect against pathogens?
It secretes oils and
antimicrobial
substances
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Through which openings can pathogens enter the body?
Nose
and mouth
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What adaptations do noses have to prevent pathogen entry?
Little hairs and
mucus
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What tubes do pathogens travel through after entering the throat?
Trachea
and
esophagus
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What is the role of mucus in the trachea?
To trap
particles
and
pathogens
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What structures line the trachea to help move mucus?
Pseudostratified
cilia
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How do cilia assist in the respiratory system?
They
move
mucus
to
the
throat
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What does the stomach produce to kill pathogens?
Hydrochloric acid
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What is the pH level of stomach contents?
About 2
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What is the primary type of cell in the immune system?
White blood cells
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What happens when pathogens enter the body despite defenses?
The
immune system
hunts them down
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How do white blood cells destroy pathogens?
By
engulfing
them
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What is one function of white blood cells?
To perform
phagocytosis
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What do white blood cells produce to counteract toxins?
Antitoxins
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What are antigens?
Foreign substances detected by the
immune system
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What are antibodies?
Proteins
made by
white blood cells
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How do antibodies function in the immune response?
They bind to
antigens
and signal for destruction
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What happens after the immune system identifies a pathogen?
It produces many specific
antibodies
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What does immunity mean?
Protection against future
infections
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How does the body defend against pathogens daily?
Physical barriers (skin)
Chemical barriers (mucus, acid)
Immune response
(
white blood cells
)
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Where can additional resources and videos be found?
On the website
cognito.org
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What features does the website cognito.org offer?
Questions,
flashcards
, and
progress tracking
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