DNA

• The shape of DNA is a double helix.
• Mutations of DNA cause the nitrogenous bases to change.
• DNA is a polymer consisting of 2 strands in the shape of a double helix [made of nucleotide]
• One nucleotide contains deoxyribose [sugar] and phosphate, along with one nitrogenous base.
• 3 specific nitrogenous bases is known as a codon which codes for a specific amino acid.
• 4 types of nitrogenous base: A, T, C, G
• 3 specific nitrogenous bases code for a unique amino acid, which joins to other amino acids to form a protein which gives you a specific characteristic.
• Mutation alters the nitrogenous base sequence and therefore the codon. Therefore can change the amino acid sequence [not always as there is more than 1 codon for an amino acid], resulting in a different protein therefore a different characteristic.