Biology

• Cellular respiration is the process in which mitochondria in the cells of plants, animals, and other multicellular organisms break down carbohydrates and other energy rich products derives from them, such as flats, to generate molecules of ATP and carbon dioxide. Feed on other things (heterotrophs)
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some kinds of bacteria use the sun's light energy to chemically convert carbon (inorganic) into carbohydrates (organic) such as sugars and starches. Occurs in chloroplasts (autotrophs) which are self-feeders.
• First law of thermodynamics: energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another (ex. energy enters the earth but does not all become heat)
• Second law of thermodynamics: energy is lost in the form of heat (hot to cold) (ex. heat escaping to space)
• Consumers: Organisms that obtain energy from other organisms through eating them. (herbivores eat plant-primary) (carnivores eat animals-secondary,tertiary,quaternary)
• Decomposers: eat/absorb leftover waste/matter of other organisms which returns organic and inorganic material back to air,soil, and water
• Scavengers consume dead material (not molecular)
• Ecosystem: all the organisms (biotic component) that live in an area and the physical environment of that area (abiotic components)
• pyramid of numbers: where you count the number of organisms in each level of the food chain
• pyramid of biomass: created to account for the size and weight of the organism, dry mass of living or once living organisms per unit area
• Pyramid of energy: total amount of energy at each trophic level, most accurate of all the pyramids
• Rule of 10: energy is lost at each step in the form of heat and waste so the energy as well as the population decreases near the top
• trophic levels are feeding levels through which energy and matter are transformed