Distillation

• What is distillation used for?

  To separate mixtures containing liquids
• What are the two types of distillation?

  Simple and fractional
• What is simple distillation used for?

  • Separating out a liquid from a solution
  • Effective when the liquid has a lower boiling point
• What happens to the solution during simple distillation?

  The solution is heated
• What part of the solution evaporates during distillation?

  The part with the lowest boiling point
• What happens to the vapor during distillation?

  It is cooled and condensed
• What is left behind in the flask after distillation?

  The rest of the solution
• How can simple distillation be used to obtain pure water?

  By separating it from seawater
• What happens to the water during distillation of seawater?

  It evaporates and is condensed
• What is the final residue after distilling seawater?

  Salt left in the flask
• What is a limitation of simple distillation?

  It can only separate liquids with different boiling points
• What is fractional distillation used for?

  Separating mixtures with close boiling points
• If you have a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points, which method would you use?

  Fractional distillation
• What are the steps in simple distillation?

  1. Heat the solution
  2. Evaporate the liquid with the lowest boiling point
  3. Cool the vapor to condense it
  4. Collect the distilled liquid
  5. Leave the rest of the solution behind
• How does fractional distillation differ from simple distillation?

  Fractional distillation uses a fractionating column
• What are the steps in fractional distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture
  2. Use a fractionating column
  3. Evaporate components with different boiling points
  4. Cool and condense vapors
  5. Collect separated liquids
• What is the purpose of a fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  To improve separation of liquids
• What is a common application of fractional distillation?

  Separating crude oil into fractions
• If you need to separate a mixture of ethanol and water, which distillation method would you choose?

  Fractional distillation
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of distillation methods?

  Advantages:

  • Effective for separating liquids
  • Can purify substances

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Limited to boiling point differences
  • Time-consuming for large volumes
• What method can you use to separate liquids?

  Fractional distillation
• What is the purpose of the lab demonstration mentioned?

  To model fractional distillation of crude oil
• What should you do with your mixture in fractional distillation?

  Put it in a flask and stick a column on top
• What happens when you heat the mixture in fractional distillation?

  The different liquids will evaporate at different temperatures
• What do different liquids have in fractional distillation?

  Different boiling points
• What happens to the liquid with the lowest boiling point first?

  It evaporates and rises in the column
• What occurs when the temperature on the thermometer matches the boiling point of a liquid?

  The liquid reaches the top of the column
• What happens to the liquid with higher boiling points during the process?

  It remains in the flask longer
• What is the result of collecting fractions during distillation?

  Different fractions contain different liquids
• What should you do after collecting the first liquid in fractional distillation?

  Continue heating until the next boiling point is reached
• Why do liquids with higher boiling points only partially evaporate?

  Because the column is cooler at the top
• What is the safety reason for using a substitute in the experiment?

  To avoid hazards associated with real crude oil
• What does the experiment use as a substitute for real crude oil?

  A safe alternative liquid
• What is the main goal of the fractional distillation process in this context?

  To separate different components of crude oil
• How does the temperature affect the evaporation of liquids in fractional distillation?

  Higher temperatures cause faster evaporation