Managers, leader chains of analysis

• a. Explain one way a democratic leadership style might affect employee motivation. (4 marks)

  Demographics involve employees in decisions making

  Make them feel more valued

  Increase motivation and job staisfaction
• Explain how stakeholder mapping can help a manager make decisions. (6 marks

  stakeholder mapping allows us to identify stakeholders asses power and interest

  E.g stakeholder with high interest and power be considered when making decisions
• . Analyse the possible impact of changing from a democratic to an autocratic leadership style at Delco Ltd. (10 marks)

  Autocratic make decisions in their own

  bebegit( speed up decision making and improve competition)

  Disadvantage ( feel undervalued, reduce morale)

  Add context

  Risky if current democratic culture is strong
• . Evaluate the extent to which the decision to change leadership style should depend on the competitive environment. (16 marks)

  Competitive pressure may demand quicker decision making (autocrattic)

  Internal culture and enployee expectations

  Alternative depending on context

  Leadership based on internal and external influences e.g political, environmental, law , technology, ethics, objectives
• ffective decision-making is more dependent on the quality of data than on the experience of the decision-maker."

  High quality data reduces uncertainty and improves accuracy

  Experience managers make intuitive decsions of not experienced may be misinterpreted

  Effective decision making needs both
• The Role of Managers

  • Set objectives, analyse performance, lead teams, make decisions
  • Key Functions (Fayol):
  • Planning
  • Organising
  • Commanding
  • Coordinating
  • Controlling
• . Leadership Styles

  • Autocratic: Leader makes decisions alone – fast, but may demotivate
  • Democratic: Involves others – motivates, but slower decisions
  • Laissez-faire: Minimal input – good for skilled teams, but risky
  • Paternalistic: Leader acts in staff’s best interest – caring, but still top-down
• 3. Types of Leaders

  Transactional: Focus on structure, rewards, and tasks

  Transformational: Focus on vision, innovation, and inspiring change
• Management and Leadership Theories

  • Tannenbaum & Schmidt Continuum: Leadership shifts from tell to delegate
  • Blake Mouton Grid: Leadership based on concern for people vs. task
  • Best style: Team management (high people, high task)
• 5. Decision Making

  Based on:

  • Data (scientific): Rational, backed by evidence (e.g. forecasts)
  • Intuition (hunch): Quick, based on experience – useful in uncertain, fast-moving contexts
• Influences on Decision Making

  Risk & Uncertainty

  Opportunity Cost

  Stakeholder Impact

  Time Constraints

  Resources Available
• Stakeholders in Decision Making

  Examples: Employees, managers, shareholders, customers, suppliers, local community

  Use of Stakeholder Mapping (power vs. interest):

  • Key for prioritising how to manage stakeholder needs
• 8. Types of Decisions

  Strategic: Long-term, high-level (e.g. entering a new market)

  Tactical: Short-term, day-to-day operations (e.g. staffing shifts)
• . Decision Trees

  • Visual tool showing options, probabilities, and expected outcomes
  • Expected Value (EV) = (Outcome × Probability)
  • Helps quantify risk, but based on assumptions
• Key riles of manager

  • Setting objectives
  • Organising resources
  • Leading and motivating staff
  • Measuring performance
  • Making decisions
• Leaders

  • Focus on vision, inspiration, and strategic direction.
  • Influence, motivate, and build trust with people.
  • Create change rather than maintain the status quo.
  • Take a long-term view.
• Blake Mouton Managerial Grid

  Based on concern for people and production:

  • Country Club (High people, low task)
  • Team Leader (High both) – Ideal
  • Impoverished (Low both)
  • Task Management (High task, low people)
  • Middle of the Road
• Situational leaders

  • Leadership should adapt based on:
  • Team experience
  • Task urgency
  • Business environment