Blood Quiz

• Components of Blood: Plasma, Buffy coat, Erythrocytes
• Plasma: 55% of whole blood. It is the least dense
• Buffy Coat: 1% of whole blood. Consists of leukocytes and platelets.
• Erythrocytes: 45% of whole blood. Consists of hematocrit and is most dense
• Hematocrit: The percentage of RBCs in the body (42%- 47%)


  Hematocrit in men: 47%- 52%

  Hematocrit in women: 42%- 47%
• Average pH of blood: 7.35--7.45 (Means it is slightly basic)


  Average volume in men: 5-6 L

  Average volume in women: 4-5 L
• Functions of the blood: protect against viruses and disease; platelets and other factors will clot around a physical injury to stop bleeding; carries oxygen and other nutrients; maintains homeostasis
• Erythrocytes are red blood cells.


  Main function is to deliver oxygen to the body and lungs.
• Hemoglobin: Protein that contains iron, which helps it carry oxygen.

  • Can carry 4 oxygen molecules
  • Found in RBCs
  • Function: Transport oxygen
• Hematopoiesis: Blood cell information. Takes place in red bone marrow

  Erythropoiesis: RBC production

  Leukopoiesis: WBC production
• Albumin: Most abundant plasma protein.


  Functions: Blood buffer, substance carrier, and major contributer of plasma osmotic pressure
• Erythropoietin: Hormone that controls erythropoiesis. Secreted by the kidneys
• Sickle Cell Anemia: A blood disorder where RBCs rupture easily and block small vessels. 


  How it Happens: One amino acid is wrong in the globin beta chain

  Affects: Oxygen delivery. Makes it worse
• Thalassemia: Inherited blood disorder.


  Occurs: When the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin. (One globin chain is absent or faulty)

  Affects: RBCs become thin, delicate, and deficient in HB
• Two groups of leukocytes: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

  Granulocyte cells: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

  Agranulocyte cells: Lymphocytes, Monocytes
• Leukemia: Overproduction of abnormal WBC (Cancerous WBC fill the red bone marrow). Will be fatal if not treated
• Multiple Myeloma: Cancer in the plasma cells. Cancerous cells overcrowd other cells in the bone marrow. Fatal if not treated
• Hematopoietic stem cells: Where all formed elements of blood originate from.
• Thrombocytes: Fragment off of bone marrow megakaryocytes
• Increased Neutrophil count: Acute bacterial infection
• Hemostasis: the process of stopping blood loss and clotting. 


  Requires clotting factors and substances released by platelets and injured tissues.

  Steps: Vasular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation
• Hemophilia: A bleeding disorder that includes several similar hereditary bleeding disorders


  Most common: Hemophilia A (77% of the time)

  Symptoms: Prolonged bleeding especially in joint cavities