indigenous

• Indigenous people live around the world, defined as people who have lived in a territory for thousands of years prior to the arrival of foreigners, with defined cultural identity such as language, customs, beliefs.
• Before the arrival of the Europeans to North America, South America, Australia and New Zealand in the 16th century, millions of indigenous people lived throughout the world, farming, hunting, fishing, and picking berries off the land, with families, systems of government, wars, alliances and trade.
• When the Europeans arrived, they claimed the land for themselves, ignoring the people who had lived there for thousands of years.
• Indigenous Canadians are Canadians who trace their heritage to groups of people who were present on the land before the arrival of the Europeans, representing about 5% of the total population, speaking English, French and sometimes their native language as well.
• The Indian Act is the main document through which the federal government administers Indian status, which is the right to receive if you identify as being indigenous, and is only for the First Nation peoples not to the Métis or Inuit.
• The Indian Act imposed governmental control on all natives, controlling politics, finance, culture and personal lives.
• Indian status is based on your descent from ancestors, and people who have Indian status do not pay taxes and are allowed to live on reserves.
• The Indian Act came into effect in 1876 and has been changed many times throughout the years, with the aim of Assimilating First Nations into Canadian society.
• People who earned a university degree would automatically lose their Indian status, as would status women who married non status men.
• In 2016, 744855 people identified as First Nation with Indian Status, 44.2% of which live in reserves, governed by the Indian Act and residence on a reserve is governed by band councils as well as the federal government.
• A band council is the elected government of a first nation band, consisting of a chief and councillors.
• There were approximately 10 million indigenous people in the United States at the time of Columbus voyage (1492).
• At the beginning of the 1830s, nearly, 125000 Indigenous Americans Lived on million of acres of land in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina and Florida-Land their ancestors had occupied and cultivated for generations.
• The standing Rock protests began in 2016 were protesting the construction of an underground pipeline that would:
• A government
• Advocating on behalf of white settlers who wanted to grow cotton on the indigenous peoples land, the federal government forced them to leave their homelands and walk hundreds of miles to a specially designated “Indian Territory ” across the Mississippi River.
• The rights to hunt/fish within their territory
• Canada’s transmountain Pipeline extensions: without Indigenous consent - protests will continue
• The Canadian government wad trying to extend a pipeline through Indigenous territory in British Columbia and Indigenous groups were upset
• The trail of tears-Indian removal Act
• It would take until the 1970s for the indigenous Americans to have the right to vote in all 50 states.
• The Sioux tribe sued and won in March 2020.
• The Inuit gained through their land claim through their land of Nunavut:
• Nunavut is governed by the Inuit people who control its development, politics, economy and cultural institutions
• President Obama stopped the construction of the pipeline to endure proper environmental impact studies were completed.
• Reaction to the participation of indigenous Americans in WW1.
• It is considered sacred land
• This difficult and sometimes deadly journey is known as the Trail of Tears.
• In 1999, Inuit peoples came to an agreement with the Canadians government and granted them the territory of Nunavut
• Nunavut has a population of around 30,000
• Destroy sacred native sites
• Indigenous groups in British Columbia established a starting of roadblocks and camps to block pipeline workers access
• It was not until 1924 that indigenous Americans were given CITIZENSHIP rights.
• The right to have conversations with the federal government about how oil, gas and minerals are extracted from the land - federal government still has control
• In the early months of 2020 the majority of trains could not operate in Canada
• Indigenous people are attempting to claim land rights over this region
• Trump reserved this order and allowed the project to be completed without environmental assessments.
• Standing Rock Dakota Access Pipeline Protests
• Poison the ground, waters and land that belongs to the Sioux tribe of North Dakota
• A territory that represents approximately 20% of Canada's total area: all arctic