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• International relations - interdisciplinary field with elements of political science, sociology, history, economy, philosophy, ethnology, law, geography
• International relations - autonomization of academic discipline within political science
• Institutionalization as a separate discipline in the 20th century.
• First think tanks: Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House in London, Council on Foreign Relations in New York
• Chatham House in London - 1920
• Council on Foreign Relations in New York - 1921
• International Diplomatic Academy in Paris – first international research institute on international relations
• International Diplomatic Academy in Paris - 1926
• International Studies within the System of League of Nations - conferences under the aegis of International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations.
• 1948 - Conferences in Utrecht and Paris: international studies recognized as subfield of political science.
• International Studies within UNESCO

  Development of departments of international studies at universities.
• Ancient Rome: law of nations, ius gentium.
• Historical Perspective - Christian, Sinocentric universalisms
• Decentralization - feudalism
• Colonialism - formation of global international system
• Reason of State

  Primacy of national interests over any other interests
• Reason of State


  Behavior according to the interests of the state, not ideology, religion or ethics
• Jean Baptiste Colbert - mercantilism: realism in economic field
• Peace of Westphalia


  Peace treaty that ended Thirty Years’ War
• Peace of Westphalia

  Collapse of universalism and feudalism
• Peace of Westphalia


  Beginning of the idea of secular government and idea of sovereign nation states
• A secular state is to be officially neutral in matters of religion
• Peace of Westphalia


  Rules of inviolability of borders and non interference in the domestic affairs of sovereign states.
• Balance of Power

  Stable system of equal powers between the rival countries
• Balance of Power

  Alliances against the state that tries to achieve hegemony
• Balance of Power - Partitions of Poland, Napoleonic wars
• Principle of legitimation of power - beginning of democratization of absolute monarchies
• French and American Revolutions

  The principle of self-determination of the nation
• The principle of self-determination of the nation - beginning of national liberation movements and collapse of multinational empires
• French and American Revolutions

  Principle of legitimation of power
• Two world wars – ambition to change the international order by the rising powers
• 1989


  Return of Anarchy
• 1989


  North-South division
• 1989


  Global problems: protection of natural environment, global inequalities, terrorism
• Traits of International Relations: high complexity, lack of hierarchy, anarchy
• Anarchy means 'without rulers' or 'without authority'.
• Levels of analysis: individual, state, international system.
• International Relations Actors: states and nations, international organizations, transnational corporations
• State - strong association of people who permanently inhabit a given territory and are subject to their government
• State - main actor of IR