social influence

• Social psychology is the study of how people’s behaviours and attitudes are influenced by the presence - actual or imagined - of other people.
• A social group is two or more people who interact together, share things in common and share a common indentity
• A group of two or more people who interact together, share things in common, and share a common identity is called a social group
• All members of a social group are expected to follow the group’s social norms.
• The unwritten rules for how all members of a social group are expected to behave are called social norms
• The behaviours and beliefs that are expected of a person with a particular position in a social group are called social roles
• conformity is when  a person’s public attitude changes to match the views of the majority,  a person’s private attitude changes to match the views of the majority, a person forms a new attitude that matches the views of the majority
• When a person conforms to be like a role model or social role that they admire we say that they have identified
• When people conform by identification, they change their public attitudes, their attitude(s) only change for as long as they admire the social role or role model, and they will also change their opinion if their role model’s opinion changes.
• conforming to an attitude and believing it is correct is called internalisation
• People conform by internalisation when they conform privately and publicly, because they are persuaded that the attitudes of the majority are correct
• the three types of conformity are compliance, identification and internalisation
• If a person complies, and says something to a group that they don’t really believe, they will not continue to conform when the group isnt around
• A second type of conformity is identification, which is where people conform to imitate a role model they admire and to imitate a social role they admire
• When people conform by compliance, their changes in attitudes and behaviours don’t last, so we say it is a weak form of conformity.
• When people conform by identification, their changes in attitudes and behaviours only last while they admire the social role or role model, so we say it is a medium form of conformity.
• When people conform by internalisation their changes in attitudes and behaviours last even if the majority change their minds, so we say it is a strong form of conformity.
• When a person is in a minority group and matches their public attitude to that of the majority, they have been influenced by the majority and they have comformed
• Identification is when an individual changes their behaviours or attitudes to fit a social role or imitate a role model that they admire. Their public and private attitudes match or are the sameIf an individual is influenced by the majority, but now really believes that belief or attitude is correct it is called internalisation . Their public and private attitudes match or are the same even when the majority group may have changed their attitudes.
• Identification is when an individual changes their public and private beliefs. This is a short-term but medium strength type of conformity.
•  Compliance is when an individual change their public but not private beliefs. It is a very short-term change.
•  Internalisation is when an individual changes their public and private beliefs. This is a strong long-term type of conformity.
• Identification happens when people desire to imitate a role model or fit a social role. Compliance occurs because people fear being rejected by a social group. When someone is persuaded that an attitude is correct or right or true and really believes this, the type of conformity is called internalisation .
• the aim of zimbardo's experiment was to investigate if prison brutality happens because of the personality of guards and prisoners or because they are conforming to social roles
• zimbardo used controlled and overt observation to collect data
• Prison violence is caused by people conforming to social roles of prisoners and guards, because violence is seen when normal people are put in prisons.
• People said that Zimbardo’s experiment was unethical for two reasons. Firstly they said that participants were psychologically harmed during the experiment and secondly that the participants did not know what they were consenting to and so could not give informed consent.
• A response to the criticism that Zimbardo’s study might lack ecological validity is 90%​ of participant’s conversations during the experiment were about life in prison, suggesting they were taking it seriously.
• Zimbardo played the role of prison warden in his own experiment. This might have biased the experiment; he might have influenced the behaviour of his participants. this is called investigator effects
• Zimbardo's experiment has four main criticisms: unethical, lacking generalisability, lacking realism or ecological validity, and suffering from experimenter or investigator bias.
• Zimbardo's experiment is criticised for being unethical as he put his participants through stress without knowing the study would go badly.
• Zimbardo's experiment is also criticised for lacking generalisability as he only recruited people from one group in society.
• Zimbardo's experiment explains real-life conformity to social roles.
• Zimbardo's experiment might have lacked realism or ecological validity as people might not have taken it seriously.
• 90% or 90 percent of participant’s conversations in Zimbardo's experiment were about life in prison, suggesting they did take it seriously.
• Zimbardo played the role of warden in his experiment, which might have caused the study to suffer from experimenter or investigator bias.
•  Zimbardo conducted a controlled observation under laboratory conditions.
• Zimbardo conducted an overt observation.
• Zimbardo concluded that prison violence is caused by people conforming via identification
• Zimbardo’s study may not have been generalisable because he mainly recruited men.